Gasification of biofuels blended from olive mill solid wastes and pine sawdust under different carbon dioxide/nitrogen atmospheres

Abstract

In this paper, we investigated the gasification of charcoals using a macro TG under CO 2 mixed with nitrogen at different percentages (40%, 70% and 100% CO 2 ) and at different fixed temperatures (750°C, 800°C, and 900°C). For this purpose, two raw residues were selected; the exhausted olive mill solid wastes (EOMSW) and the pine sawdust (PS). Then, four different samples, which have not been previously studied with a gasification process, were prepared from these residues when investigating the impregnated and the non-impregnated ones using the olive mill waste water (OMWW) as by-product for the impregnation process. Moreover, a comparison between results obtained during this study and those obtained during a previous study based on steam gasification was carried out. It was found that the mass loss profiles are consistent with the usual lignocellulosic gasification behaviors. Also, the increase of temperatures or CO 2 percentages affects positively the conversion, the gasification rate and the char reactivity. It is worth noting that CO 2 acts differently from steam. With steam, gasification is found to be faster and more reactive.

Converting CO2 from a Harmful Gas to a Renewable Source of Matter and Energy: A Review

“…Along with Syngas, various liquids composed of bio-oils and tars are also generated [75][76][77][78][79][80]. Hence, in this method of Syngas production, a large amount of CO 2 is used as a gasifier mixed or not with dry and heated water steam (at about 180°C) during the char gasification [75][76][77]80]. The formation of methane from CO 2 has been reported in previous studies [81].…”

“…The second process for biogas production is based on the thermochemical conversion of lignocellulosic biomass into a synthesis gas characterized by a high HHV called Syngas, which is a mixture of CO, H 2 , and C n H m mainly composed of CH 4 . Along with Syngas, various liquids composed of bio-oils and tars are also generated [75][76][77][78][79][80]. Hence, in this method of Syngas production, a large amount of CO 2 is used as a gasifier mixed or not with dry and heated water steam (at about 180°C) during the char gasification [75][76][77]80].…”

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“…In contrast, lithium is reinserted into the lithium layer at low voltage by further Mn +4 reduction (Figure 6b) [73,74]. The irreversible capacity loss that accounts for a value of approximately 50-100 mAh g -1 is attributed to the loss of lithium in the form of Li2O from the material surface and the formation of MnO2, which takes part in lithiation-delithiation in subsequent cycles [75][76][77]. Reproduced from reference [67].…”

“…[19,[103][104][105][106][107][108][109]. Wu et al demonstrated that pristine Li[Li0.2Mn0.54Ni0.13Co0.13]O2, its modified versions such as 3 wt.% Al2O3, CeO2, ZrO2, ZnO, AlPO4 treated, and 0.05 Fatom per formula unit provides first discharge capacity of 253, 285, 253, 252, 252, 261, and 270 mAh g -1 , respectively and the first irreversible capacity of 75,41,36,48,58,22, and 58 mAh g -1 , respectively. The retention of oxide ion vacancies in the surface treated samples reduces the first cycle irreversible capacity loss and significantly modifies the first discharge capacity [110].…”

“…The second process for biogas production is based on the thermochemical conversion of lignocellulosic biomass into a synthesis gas characterized by a high HHV called Syngas, which is a mixture of CO, H2, and CnHm mainly composed of CH4. Along with Syngas, various liquids composed of bio-oils and tars are also generated [75][76][77][78][79][80]. Hence, in this method of Syngas production, a large amount of CO2 is used as a gasifier mixed or not with dry and heated water steam (at about 180°C) during the char gasification [75][76][77]80].…”