Gasoline from the bioliq® process: Production, characterization and performance

Michler, Tobias; Wippermann, Nicolas; Toedter, Olaf; Niethammer, Benjamin; Otto, T.N.; Arnold, Ulrich; Pitter, Stephan; Koch, Thomas; Sauer, Jörg

doi:10.1016/j.fuproc.2020.106476

Cited by 13 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…The bioliq ® DTG raw gasoline is characterized by a high concentration of aromatics (approx. 75 wt.%), leading to a low proportion of light ends with boiling temperatures up to 150°C [23]. Such fuels are suitable for gasoline engines since the high aromatic concentration is accompanied by an increased octane number [10,22].…”

Section: Processes For the Production Of Synthetic Gasolinementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Particulates and acid gas are subsequently removed in several gas purification stages to supply the refinery with high-quality, sulfur-free synthesis gas [30]. In the bioliq ® process, the synthesis gas is fed to a DTG synthesis to produce raw gasoline [23]. Detailed considerations of efficiency and production cost estimates of the bioliq ® process can be found in the work of Haro et al [28] and Henrich et al [33].…”

Section: Processes For the Production Of Synthetic Gasolinementioning

confidence: 99%

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Hydroprocessing and Blending of a Biomass-Based DTG-Gasoline

Graf¹,

Neuner²,

Rauch³

2022

Energy Engineering

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The number of annually registered internal-combustion vehicles still exceeds electric-driven ones in most regions, e.g., Germany. Ambitious goals are disclosed with the European Green Deal, which calls for new technical approaches and greenhouse gas neutral transition technologies. Such bridging technologies are synthetic fuels for the transportation sector, e.g., using the bioliq ® process for a CO 2 -neutral gasoline supply. Fuels must meet the applicable national standards to be used in existing engines. Petrochemical parameters can be variably adapted to their requirements by hydroprocessing. In this work, we considered the upgrading of aromatic-rich DTG gasoline from the bioliq ® process. The heavy gasoline was therefore separated from the light one by rectification. We investigated how to selectively modify the petrochemical parameters of the heavy gasoline, especially the boiling characteristics, to make the product suitable as a high-quality blending component. Three commercially available Pt/zeolite catalysts were tested over a wide range of temperature and space velocity. We achieved high gasoline yields, while the content of light end compounds up to a boiling temperature of 150°C could be increased significantly. In contrast to the high naphthenic content of the gasoline, the obtained octane numbers were satisfactory. Especially the Motor Octane Number turned out unexpectedly high and showed a dependency on the isomerization of the naphthenic rings. By blending the upgraded heavy gasoline with the previously separated light gasoline, we could finally show that hydroprocessing is suitable for adjusting petrochemical parameters. The aromatic concentration was 37.5% lower than that in the original raw gasoline, while the boiling characteristics improved significantly. Additionally, the final boiling point was 82°C lower, which is beneficial for the emission behavior.

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Section: Processes For the Production Of Synthetic Gasolinementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Processes For the Production Of Synthetic Gasolinementioning

confidence: 99%

Hydroprocessing and Blending of a Biomass-Based DTG-Gasoline

Graf¹,

Neuner²,

Rauch³

2022

Energy Engineering

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“…The design of the bioliq ® plant and the concept of the process were described before [10] and have not changed since. The raw gasoline feedstock used in this work was produced in the bioliq ® campaign in May 2019 and is designated as bioliq ® /100 2019 in the following.…”

Section: Further Development Of the Bioliq ® Product Refinementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To remove the high-boiling components, the bioliq ® /100 2019 raw gasoline was distilled in a laboratory-scale setup. Our previous work has shown that heavy aromatics are one of the main causes of emission formation during fuel combustion [10]. Thus, the conditions of product refinement were adjusted.…”

Section: Further Development Of the Bioliq ® Product Refinementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In [10], the performance of bioliq ® fuel blended with commercial RON95 E5 gasoline in a ratio of 10 vol.-% bioliq ® fuel and 90 vol.-% RON95 E5 in an internal combustion engine was investigated and published for the first time. It was shown that a higher amount of heavy aromatics leads to an increase in particulate and hydrocarbon emissions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Further Development of Gasoline from the bioliq® Process with Focus on Particulate and Hydrocarbon Emissions

Michler

Niethammer

Fuchs

et al. 2023

Fuels

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The production of CO2-neutral fuels is a key technology to achieve the European Union’s targets of greenhouse gas reduction in the transport sector. For a straightforward application such as drop-in fuel, regenerative gasoline must meet emission requirements without causing significant changes in engine parameters. The objective of this work was to demonstrate the emission reduction potential of fuel from the bioliq® plant by reducing the content of heavy aromatics in the product refinement. For three blends with varying contents of bioliq® fuel, the spray behavior was studied in a pressurized chamber and the particulate and hydrocarbon emissions were investigated using a single-cylinder research engine. With increasing bioliq® fuel content, atomization was degraded by lower flash boiling at low pressure. This effect vanished at higher chamber pressures. Measurements of particulate and hydrocarbon emissions showed significant improvements of 50% to 100% and 10%, respectively, compared to previously investigated bioliq® fuel fractions from 2017. The formation of particulate emissions is virtually unaffected by the blending of bioliq® fuel, due to the absence of heavy aromatics in the refined bioliq® product. Hydrocarbon emissions increased by 20% with higher bioliq® fuel content and late injection timings due to inferior mixture formation as a result of slightly reduced atomization. However, near the optimum injection timing, the hydrocarbon emissions are independent of the bioliq® fuel admixture.

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