Gasoline Fuels for Spark‐Ignition Internal Combustion Engines

Abstract

Gasoline is a mixture of volatile petroleum components, used as the energy source in internal combustion spark‐ignition engines. It is composed of volatile mixture of 20–200°C distillating paraffinic, naphtenic, and aromatic hydrocarbons, oxygenates (alcohols, ethers), and quality‐improving additives. In addition to being suitable for use in the spark‐ignition (Otto) engine, gasoline must meet regulatory requirements and standards.This article covers such topics as the demand for fuels for transportation, composition, properties, and standards of gasoline fuels as well as production, quality control, and emission regulation in different regions.

Reducing the Olefin Content in Light Fluid Catalytic Cracking Gasoline by Treatment with Nitrous Oxide

“…The solvent-washed gum content in most of the oxygenated LCCG samples (samples G2–G8, Table ) is lower than that in the parent LCCG (sample G1) and does not exceed the maximum allowed value (5 mg/100 mL) for conventional gasoline fuels. ,,, …”

“…25,26 A similar difference is observed for other olefins and corresponding ketones, e.g., 2-pentene 58 The solvent-washed gum content in most of the oxygenated LCCG samples (samples G2−G8, Table 3) is lower than that in the parent LCCG (sample G1) and does not exceed the maximum allowed value (5 mg/100 mL) for conventional gasoline fuels. 7,21,59,60 Only after the oxidative treatment of LCCG with N 2 O at the highest temperature of 523 K (sample G9), the gum content increases to 8.8 mg/100 mL. All LCCG samples have a low degree of corrosivity, which corresponds to class 1 according to the standard copper strip corrosion test (method ASTM D130).…”

“…Due to the high octane number, several oxygenates, such as ethanol (research octane number (RON) 108-130), methyl tertiary-butyl ether (MTBE, RON 115-135), ethyl tertiary butyl ether (ETBE, RON 118-119), and other alcohols or aliphatic ethers, are commonly used as antiknock (octane rating) additives to gasoline. − This allows the prevention of the engine knocking, decrease of its emissions, and increase of the combustion efficiency of fuel. Since the permitted limit for the oxygen content in unleaded gasolines is 2.7 wt %, , the oxygen-containing additives should be added to fuels in an appropriate amount.…”

“…17−20 This allows the prevention of the engine knocking, decrease of its emissions, and increase of the combustion efficiency of fuel. Since the permitted limit for the oxygen content in unleaded gasolines is 2.7 wt %, 10,21 the oxygen-containing additives should be added to fuels in an appropriate amount.…”

Influencia de las Condiciones de Almacenamiento en la Presión de Vapor Reid, Formación de Gomas y el Número de Octano Research de la Gasolina

“…Para satisfacer los requisitos de calidad de la gasolina para su uso en motores, el combustible debe cumplir con los requerimientos y regulaciones de cada país. Las propiedades fisicoquímicas de las gasolinas dependen de su composición química, por ejemplo, la alta volatilidad depende de determinados hidrocarburos de cadena corta que son componentes de bajo punto de ebullición (Hancsók, 2016;Speight, 2014). En este estudio, se analizaron las propiedades fisicoquímicas: presión de vapor, contenido de gomas y número de octano Research, debido a su influencia en el rendimiento del motor y la emisión de gases de escape (Curley, 2012;Demirbas et al, 2015;Streva et al, 2011).…”