Gasoline Port Fuel Injectors - Keep Glean/Clean Up With Additives

Tupa, R. C.; Koehler, D E

doi:10.4271/861536

Cited by 21 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…There is a report claiming that conventional deposit control detergents designed for controlling CCD and intake valve deposit were also effective in keeping clean and cleaning up GDI injector deposits [86]. Many studies have been carried out on PFI injector deposit control detergents [87][88][89][90][91], however investigations of detergents for GDI injector deposits were only started in recent years [18,25,36,37,47]. A study of two types of detergents (Manniches and polyether amines (PEAs)) were conducted in a GDI research engine [25].…”

Section: Detergentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fuel injector deposits in direct-injection spark-ignition engines

Wang

et al. 2015

Progress in Energy and Combustion Science

157

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Controlling fuel injector deposits is recognised as a challenge for advanced direct-injection sparkignition (DISI) engines. This paper gives a comprehensive overview of the research on formation, measurement, effect, and mitigation of injector deposits in DISI engines. Methodologies for the injector deposit studies include visual and compositional analysis. It is shown that injector deposits will reduce injector fuel flow rates, and lead to changes in spray characteristics. Consequently, spray angle and envelope are likely to be affected, and spray penetration distance as well as droplet diameter can be increased. Injector deposits are revealed to be primarily fuel-derived and created by two distinct free radical pathways, i.e., low temperature auto-oxidation and high temperature pyrolysis. Fuel compositions (olefins, aromatics, and sulphur), as well as T90 parameter, are significant factors in injector deposit formation. The worst consequences of injector fouling are pre-ignition, and engine misfiring and malfunction. Emissions, especially particulates, dramatically increase as the fuel injector becomes fouled. It appears that fuel detergent is the most effective method in controlling injector deposit formation if its chemistry and dosage rate are optimized. Outward opening piezo-driven injector configuration with a good surface finish, a sharp nozzle inlet, and a counter bore design, is useful in preventing injector deposit formation. Reducing injector nozzle temperature by methods such as designing special injector cooling passages, and improving engine design are also proven to be 2 helpful in reducing injector fouling. Anti-deposit coatings only delay the onset of injector deposit formation.

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Section: Detergentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fuel injector deposits in direct-injection spark-ignition engines

Wang

et al. 2015

Progress in Energy and Combustion Science

157

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Injector deposits, mostly from chemicals (incompatible additives with base fuel) or thermally degraded fuel (high-temperature pyrolysis) and its poor stability, can restrict fuel flow and alter the spray pattern. This can deteriorate driveability, decrease fuel economy, and increase exhaust emissions. ,− It has been established that using a proper multifunctional package of additives containing detergents and other active chemical ingredients and choosing the correct treatment level can bypass the technical challenges involved with ethanol–gasoline blends. Both conventional gasoline and gasoline with a high content of ethanol use detergent–dispersant additive packages consisting of active detergent substances, carrier oils, and solvents.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanoparticle and Non-legislated Gaseous Emissions from a Gasoline Direct-Injection Car with Ethanol Blend Fuels and Detergent Additives

et al. 2016

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Ethanol as an engine fuel emits less pollutants than gasoline, is a completely renewable product with good ecological implications, and has the potential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. However, ethanol–gasoline blends present a multitude of technical challenges to engine operation, including the creation of adverse engine deposits, especially on inlet valves and injector tips. Special detergent–dispersant additives in ethanol–gasoline blends are the most effective way of bypassing these technical challenges. In the present work, two detergent–dispersant additives, developed by the Oil and Gas Institute, National Research Institute, were used and investigated on a flex-fuel direct-injection vehicle with ethanol–gasoline blend fuels containing 10 and 85% ethanol with special consideration of nanoparticle and non-legislated gaseous emissions. These researchers, among others, stated that, at cold start, particle count emissions are significantly reduced with ethanol blend fuels under all operating conditions. The detergent additives used in this investigation have no influence on gaseous and nanoparticle emissions.

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Study of the various factors influencing deposit formation and operation of gasoline engine injection systems

Stępień

2016

IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng.

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Gasoline Port Fuel Injectors - Keep Glean/Clean Up With Additives

Cited by 21 publications

References 4 publications

Fuel injector deposits in direct-injection spark-ignition engines

Fuel injector deposits in direct-injection spark-ignition engines

Nanoparticle and Non-legislated Gaseous Emissions from a Gasoline Direct-Injection Car with Ethanol Blend Fuels and Detergent Additives

Study of the various factors influencing deposit formation and operation of gasoline engine injection systems

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