Gassing behavior of lithium titanate based lithium ion batteries with different types of electrolytes

Liu, Jiali; Bian, Peiwen; Jia, Li; Ji, Wenjiao; Hao, Hao; Yu, Aishui

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2015.03.172

Cited by 59 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…SEI film was previously thought to be impossible to generate in the potential range of 1–2.5 V in Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 -based anode materials. However, the SEI film has been recently proved in Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 -based electrodes in the potential range of 1–2.5 V 31,32 . To further ascertain the existence of the SEI film under this condition, the SEM and FTIR spectra of 3-LTO before and after cycling were obtained.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, the intensity of these characteristic peaks decreased after cycling. Li 2 CO 3 and ROCO 2 Li generated in the electrode without cycling may be attributable to the existence of trace amounts of HF and H 2 O in the electrolyte, which mainly causes the formation of an SEI film 31 . As the cycle proceeds, the SEI film may be dissolved and then formed repeatedly under the action of Ti 3+ catalysis, which can increase the SEI film resistance 31 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mechanisms of the decrease in low-temperature electrochemical performance of Li4Ti5O12-based anode materials

Huang

Yang

Mao

2017

Sci Rep

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The electrochemical performances of Li4Ti5O12 (LTO) and Li4Ti5O12-rutile TiO2 (LTO–RTO) composite electrodes at low temperatures were evaluated. The electrochemical performance of both electrodes decreased at low temperatures; regardless, the LTO–RTO electrode performed better than the LTO electrode. First, high viscosity and low ion conductivity of liquid electrolytes at low temperatures significantly reduce electrochemical performance. Second, cycling at low temperatures changes the crystal structure of LTO–based electrodes, impeding lithium ion diffusion and even causing the diffusion path to change from easy to difficult. However, changes in the crystal structure of the LTO–RTO electrode were not sufficient to change this path; thus, diffusion continued along the 8a-16c-8a pathway. Finally, from the perspective of dynamics, aggravation of a side reaction, increase in charge transfer resistance and polarization, and decrease in lithium ion diffusion at low temperatures reduce the electrochemical performance of LTO–based anode materials. However, the activation energy based on lithium ion diffusion is lower in the LTO–RTO electrode than the LTO electrode. The results confirmed that the electrochemical performance of the LTO–RTO electrode was better than that of the LTO electrode at low temperatures.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms of the decrease in low-temperature electrochemical performance of Li4Ti5O12-based anode materials

Huang

Yang

Mao

2017

Sci Rep

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“…42,44 These hypotheses have been confirmed in later studies. [45][46][47][48] While further enhancement of electrochemical performances of TiNb 2 O 7 and Ti 2 Nb 10 O 29 is still a possibility as will be demonstrated in this manuscript, the probability of gassing phenomenon of these two oxides in full cells should be monitored. If the gassing is indeed related to traces of water present in the electrolyte and/or absorbed on the electrodes, the chances of observing gassing in TiNb 2 O 7 or Ti 2 Nb 10 O 29 pouch cells is quite likely and would lead to similar limitations for future industrial development of Ti-Nb based anodes in Li-ion batteries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The present results highlight the possibility of interfacial reactions between Nb cations and the electrolyte, leading to some additional cell degradation. Besides, PC based electrolytes have been previously reported to limit the gassing phenomenon of LTO electrodes by forming thicker and denser SEI layers in comparison to other electrolyte solvents 44,48. The use of an electrolytic solvent mixture composed of EC/PC/DMC in a 1:1:3 vol.…”

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confidence: 99%

Electrochemical performances and gassing behavior of high surface area titanium niobium oxides

et al. 2016

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A solvothermal synthesis is developed to build a 3D network of nanoparticles, enhancing the electrochemical performances of both TiNb 2 O 7 and Ti 2 Nb 10 O 29 , especially at high current densities, with up to 190 mAh g -1 at 10C. A set of 11 mAh pouch cells combining the nanosized TiNb 2 O 7 with LiMn 1.5 Ni 0.5 O 4 is tested and is the first to be reported for this material. Soft shell cells are used, not only to evaluate the electrochemical performances of this oxide in a larger scale battery, but also to assess its gassing behavior, a well-known limitation for application of Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 in hybrid electric vehicles. In order to evaluate the sole contribution of TiNb 2 O 7 to the swelling, an additional set of soft shell TiNb 2 O 7 /Li(Ni 1/3 Mn 1/3 Co 1/3 )O 2 cells is assembled and stored at 45 ºC in a charged state. A higher swelling behavior is observed for TiNb 2 O 7 in comparison to Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 ; a clear trend also appears between surface area of the oxide and amount of gassing. The swelling of TiNb 2 O 7 or Ti 2 Nb

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“…Moreover, as LTO has a relatively high reaction potential (1.55 V vs. Li/Li + ), an irreversible solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) is not generated in the early stages of delithiation. Such advantageous characteristics highlight LTO as an appropriate material for electronic vehicles (HEVs, PHEVs, and EVs) and ESS [6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Highly-Stable Li4Ti5O12 Anodes Obtained by Atomic-Layer-Deposited Al2O3

et al. 2018

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LTO (Li4Ti5O12) has been highlighted as anode material for next-generation lithium ion secondary batteries due to advantages such as a high rate capability, excellent cyclic performance, and safety. However, the generation of gases from undesired reactions between the electrode surface and the electrolyte has restricted the application of LTO as a negative electrode in Li-ion batteries in electric vehicles (EVs) and energy storage systems (ESS). As the generation of gases from LTO tends to be accelerated at high temperatures (40–60 °C), the thermal stability of LTO should be maintained during battery discharge, especially in EVs. To overcome these technical limitations, a thin layer of Al2O3 (~2 nm thickness) was deposited on the LTO electrode surface by atomic layer deposition (ALD), and an electrochemical charge-discharge cycle test was performed at 60 °C. The capacity retention after 500 cycles clearly shows that Al2O3-coated LTO outperforms the uncoated one, with a discharge capacity retention of ~98%. TEM and XPS analyses indicate that the surface reactions of Al2O3-coated LTO are suppressed, while uncoated LTO undergoes the (111) to (222) phase transformation, as previously reported in the literature.

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Gassing behavior of lithium titanate based lithium ion batteries with different types of electrolytes

Cited by 59 publications

References 17 publications

Mechanisms of the decrease in low-temperature electrochemical performance of Li4Ti5O12-based anode materials

Mechanisms of the decrease in low-temperature electrochemical performance of Li4Ti5O12-based anode materials

Electrochemical performances and gassing behavior of high surface area titanium niobium oxides

Highly-Stable Li4Ti5O12 Anodes Obtained by Atomic-Layer-Deposited Al2O3

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