Gastric adenocarcinoma: A review of the TNM classification system and ways of spreading

Sala, P. López; Etxeberria, M. Leturia; Iguíñiz, E. Inchausti; Rodríguez, A. Astiazaran; Oteiza, M.I. Aguirre; Etxaniz, M. Zubizarreta

doi:10.1016/j.rxeng.2022.10.011

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 54 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…TNM stage was assessed according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer’s staging (eighth edition) definition for gastric cancer. 13 14 T stage was classified into T1 (tumour invades lamina propria or muscularis mucosae or submucosa), T2 (tumour invades muscularis propria), T3 (tumour penetrates subserosal connective tissue), T4 (tumour invades the serosa or adjacent structures) and TX (unknown). N stage was divided into N0 (no lymph nodes positive), N1 (1–2 nodes positive), N2 (3–6 nodes positive), N3 (>7 nodes positive) and NX (unknown).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The primary site was recorded as cardia, fundus of stomach, body of stomach, gastric antrum, pylorus, lesser curvature of stomach, overlapping lesion of stomach and stomach. TNM stage was assessed according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer’s staging (eighth edition) definition for gastric cancer 13 14. T stage was classified into T1 (tumour invades lamina propria or muscularis mucosae or submucosa), T2 (tumour invades muscularis propria), T3 (tumour penetrates subserosal connective tissue), T4 (tumour invades the serosa or adjacent structures) and TX (unknown).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Prediction models for the survival in patients with intestinal-type gastric adenocarcinoma: a retrospective cohort study based on the SEER database

Hong¹,

Cheng²,

Gu³

et al. 2023

BMJ Open

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

ObjectiveTo explore the influencing factors of survival in intestinal-type gastric adenocarcinoma (IGA) and set up prediction model for the prediction of survival of patients diagnosed with IGA.DesignA retrospective cohort study.Setting and participantsA total of 2232 patients with IGA who came from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database.Primary and secondary outcome measuresPatients’ overall survival (OS) rate and cancer-specific survival (CSS) at the end of follow-up.ResultsOf the total population, 25.72% survived, 54.93% died of IGA and 19.35% died of other causes. The median survival time of patients was 25 months. The result showed that age, race, stage group, T stage, N stage, M stage, grade, tumour size, radiotherapy, number of lymph nodes removed and gastrectomy were independent prognostic factors of OS risk for patients with IGA; age, race, race, stage group, T stage, N stage, M stage, grade, radiotherapy and gastrectomy were associated with CSS risk for patients with IGA. In view of these prognostic factors, we developed two prediction models for predicting the OS and CSS risk for patients with IGA separately. For the developed OS-related prediction model, the C-index was 0.750 (95% CI: 0.740 to 0.760) in the training set, corresponding to 0.753 (95% CI: 0.736 to 0.770) in the testing set. Likewise, for the developed CSS-related prediction model, the C-index was 0.781 (95% CI: 0.770 to 0.793) in the training set, corresponding to 0.785 (95% CI: 0.766 to 0.803) in the testing set. The calibration curves of the training set and testing set revealed a good agreement between model predictions in the 1-year, 3-year and 5-year survival for patients with IGA and actual observations.ConclusionCombining demographic and clinicopathological features, two prediction models were developed to predict the risk of OS and CSS in patients with IGA, respectively. Both models have good predictive performance.

show abstract

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prediction models for the survival in patients with intestinal-type gastric adenocarcinoma: a retrospective cohort study based on the SEER database

Hong¹,

Cheng²,

Gu³

et al. 2023

BMJ Open

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Cancer cells that initiate within the gastric epithelium destroy the basement membrane (BM) and infiltrate into the lamina propria and then into the submucosa due to a repression in or complete deficiency of intercellular adhesion molecules, and an enhancement of aberrantly high motile ability that enables penetration through the stiff structural components of the surrounding stroma. Complexities of the metastatic process—the infiltration of the primary tumor into surrounding tissues and the establishment of the metastatic site—consists of several stages: transition in blood or lymph, invasion into the systemic circulation, extravasation, colonization in the second site, and the construction of clinically detectable metastasis [ 12 ]. For cancer cells, the path to forming metastatic foci is difficult.…”

Section: Overview Of Invasion and Metastasismentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Insight into Gastric Cancer Invasion—Current Status and Future Directions

Matsuoka,

Yashiro

2023

Cancers

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common malignancies worldwide. There has been no efficient therapy for stage IV GC patients due to this disease’s heterogeneity and dissemination ability. Despite the rapid advancement of molecular targeted therapies, such as HER2 and immune checkpoint inhibitors, survival of GC patients is still unsatisfactory because the understanding of the mechanism of GC progression is still incomplete. Invasion is the most important feature of GC metastasis, which causes poor mortality in patients. Recently, genomic research has critically deepened our knowledge of which gene products are dysregulated in invasive GC. Furthermore, the study of the interaction of GC cells with the tumor microenvironment has emerged as a principal subject in driving invasion and metastasis. These results are expected to provide a profound knowledge of how biological molecules are implicated in GC development. This review summarizes the advances in our current understanding of the molecular mechanism of GC invasion. We also highlight the future directions of the invasion therapeutics of GC. Compared to conventional therapy using protease or molecular inhibitors alone, multi-therapy targeting invasion plasticity may seem to be an assuring direction for the progression of novel strategies.

show abstract

“…Although more than 80% of the infected individuals are without symptoms [Almashhadany and Mayass,2018;Khoder et al, 2019], H. pylori infection may play a vital role in many gastric diseases according to several works that have reported its contributions to gastritis and peptic ulcers [Cover and Blaser,2009]. Several researches have shown that the eradication of H. pylori in infected persons of all ages can decrease the frequency of gastric cancers [Varon et al, 2022, Aumpan et al, 2023, and it is one of the risk factors of adenocarcinoma (Sala et al, 2023). Nowadays, H.pylori has been well-established that infection of the human host with this microorganism is a risk factor for the development of gastric-related diseases (Mulat Erkihun, 2022, Aumpan et al, 2023.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Garlic (Allium sativum), is a member of the family Liliaceae and it is one of the medicinal plants that has been researched the most (Cardos et al, 2021). Garlic and its preparations have long been recognized as effective preventative and therapeutic agents and have been demonstrated to have positive effects on different diseases including cardiovascular troubles, hypertension, diabetes, wound healing, osteoporosis, stress, and others (Sala et al,2023;Sarswat et al, 2023).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Garlic Extract on H.pylori Isolated from Chicken Meat Markets

Almashhadany,

Mayas,

Shalsh

2023

SVU-International Journal of Veterinary Sciences

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This study was designed to estimate the effect of garlic extract on H. pylori isolated from poultry meat at Dhamar Governorate, Yemen. In the laboratory, the isolation of H. pylori was done under aseptic conditions using modified Campy-blood agar and Belohorizonte agar. Purification isolates were done on the same agar media-biochemical examinations employed for the identification comprised essential biochemical tests. In vitro studies, show that H.pylori was survived at 2% of garlic extract, whereas at 4% and 6%, it was observed that the inhibition zone 10mm and 20mm respectively. In an experimental study, the count number of H. pylori was reduced with 2% and 4% of garlic extract, while at 6% no growth occurred. We concluded that treating chicken meat with garlic extract reduces the number of H.pylori cells, and garlic extract plays an important role in food preservation. Due to the significance of this study, we recommend further research and studies on H. pylori in different governorates of Yemen, particularly on the prevalence of H. pylori in various types of food, mainly food of animal origin, and study the impact of some medicinal plants such as garlic.

show abstract

Gastric adenocarcinoma: A review of the TNM classification system and ways of spreading

Cited by 8 publications

References 54 publications

Prediction models for the survival in patients with intestinal-type gastric adenocarcinoma: a retrospective cohort study based on the SEER database

Prediction models for the survival in patients with intestinal-type gastric adenocarcinoma: a retrospective cohort study based on the SEER database

Molecular Insight into Gastric Cancer Invasion—Current Status and Future Directions

Impact of Garlic Extract on H.pylori Isolated from Chicken Meat Markets

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About