Gastric and small intestinal lipid digestion kinetics as affected by the gradual addition of lipases and bile salts

Strategic choices for in vitro food digestion methodologies enabling food digestion design

“…In turn, this overdosage could cause rapid initial lipolysis. Moreover, it is important to mention that the applied concentrations (and possible stepwise addition) of gastric and pancreatic lipase, colipase, and bile salts, as well as structural characteristics of emulsions, such as the nature of emulsifiers and oil droplet size, could be critical parameters determining lipid digestion and/or solubilization of lipolysis products (Giang et al, 2016;Verkempinck et al, 2022).…”

Impact of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) galactomannan on the microstructural and physicochemical changes of milk proteins under static in-vitro digestion conditions

“…total (α s −, β−, and κ − ) caseins (at 25–35 kDa) for the NaCN and β-lactoglobulin (at 18.2 kDa) and α-lactalbumin (at 14.4 kDa) found in the NaCN and WPI-based digesta. The SDS-PAGE densitometric data were fitted to an empirical, fractional conversion model that showed the best data fitting ( Verkempinck et al, 2022 ) as follows: where c 0 , c 120 denote the % of intact protein content at the beginning and end of the gastric or intestinal step, and k (% h −1 ) is the rate of the peptic cleavage of proteins to polypeptides and τ is the time required to achieve a 50% reduction in the amount of intact proteins during the gastric or intestine digestion steps. As seen in Fig.…”

Studying semi-dynamic digestion kinetics of food: Establishing a computer-controlled multireactor approach

“…The gradual secretion most likely slows down the whole hydrolysis process as lipase first needs to diffuse towards its substrate and bile salts need to prepare the interface for lipase absorption by displacing other emulsifier(s) present (Maldonado-Valderrama, Wilde, Macierzanka, & Mackie, 2011). As shown in a previous study (Verkempinck et al, 2022), bile salts might be most likely the rate-determining factor here as they play an essential role at different levels of lipid digestion. For a more detailed description of the role of bile salts in lipid digestion, we kindly refer to the review paper of Maldonado-Valderrama et al (2011).…”

“…It must be noted that we opted to not add pure lipase to cover the recommended lipase activity of 2000 U/mL digest when lipid digestion is studied since lipid digestion was only studied in case of the Ensure® drink and we wanted to keep the protocol as similar as possible for the two food types studied within this work. Besides, the lipid content of Ensure® Plus is relatively low (4.92%), so no significant effect on the lipolysis extent was expected based on previous observations (Verkempinck et al, 2022).…”