Gastric Bypass Increases Energy Expenditure in Rats

Bueter, Marco; Löwenstein, Christian; Olbers, Torsten; Wang, Maggie Haitian; Cluny, Nina L.; Bloom, Stephen R.; Sharkey, Keith A.; Lutz, Thomas; Roux, Carel W. le

doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2009.11.012

Cited by 191 publications

(224 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Body weight was measured weekly. A food restricted sham-operated group of rats (n= 7), whose postoperative weight matched the weight of bypass-treated animals, was also studied (data not shown; see also ref [11]); data were comparable to the sham-operated ad libitum fed controls except for one parameter (see below).…”

Section: Subjects and Housingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery in rats alters gut microbiota profile along the intestine

Osto

Abegg

Bueter

et al. 2013

Physiology & Behavior

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Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery might modify the gut microbiota composition differently in the three distinct anatomical sections of the small intestine compared to sham surgery. We showed that RYGB induced changes in the microbiota of the alimentary limb and the common channel resembling those seen after prebiotic treatment or weight loss by dieting. These changes may be associated with altered production of intestinal hormones known to control energy balance. Postsurgical modulation of gut microbiota may significantly contribute to the beneficial metabolic effects of RYGB surgery. Abstract: Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery might modify the gut microbiota composition differently in the three distinct anatomical sections of small intestine compared to sham surgery. We showed that RYGB induced changes in the microbiota of the alimentary limb and the common channel resembling those seen after prebiotics treatment or weight loss by dieting. These changes may be associated with altered production of intestinal hormones known to control energy balance. Postsurgical modulation of gut microbiota may significantly contribute to the beneficial metabolic effects of RYGB surgery. 1 Title pageTitle: Roux-en-y gastric bypass surgery in rats alters gut microbiota profile along the intestine. Running head:Bariatric surgery alters gut microbiota. Authors:MELANIA AbstractRoux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery might modify the gut microbiota composition differently in the three distinct anatomical sections of small intestine compared to sham surgery. We showed that RYGB induced changes in the microbiota of the alimentary limb and the common channel resembling those seen after prebiotics treatment or weight loss by dieting. These changes may be associated with altered production of intestinal hormones known to control energy balance. Postsurgical modulation of gut microbiota may significantly contribute to the beneficial metabolic effects of RYGB surgery.

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Section: Subjects and Housingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Rats were then placed in a supine position on a heating pad and positioned in a nose cone to maintain anesthesia (2%-4% isoflurane in oxygen, 0.5 L/min) for the duration of the surgery. All surgeries were conducted as previously described [11][12][13] …”

Section: Surgerymentioning

confidence: 99%

Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery in rats alters gut microbiota profile along the intestine

Osto

Abegg

Bueter

et al. 2013

Physiology & Behavior

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“…2 The underlying mechanisms of surgically induced weight loss remain incompletely understood, 3 but they seem to induce a decrease in hunger, an increase in satiety, changes in food preferences and energy expenditure. 4 The first mechanisms have been shown to be at least partly physiologically induced by alterations in gastrointestinal and central neuroendocrine signalling. [5][6][7][8] The postprandial responses of the gut hormones glucagonlike peptide-1 (GLP-1) and peptide YY3-36 (PYY), which are produced from the L cells in the gut, are increased after gastric bypass.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exogenous peptide YY3-36 and Exendin-4 further decrease food intake, whereas octreotide increases food intake in rats after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass

et al. 2011

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Background: Patients show an elevated postprandial satiety gut hormone release after Roux-en-Y Gastric bypass (gastric bypass). The altered gut hormone response appears to have a prominent role in the reduction of appetite and body weight (BW) after gastric bypass. Patients with insufficient BW loss after gastric bypass have an attenuated postprandial gut hormone response in comparison with patients who lost an adequate amount of BW. The effects of additional gut hormone administration after gastric bypass are unknown. Methods: The effects of peripheral administration of peptide YY3-36 (PYY3-36; 300 nmol kg À1 ), glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analogue Exendin-4 (20 nmol kg À1 ) and somatostatin analogue octreotide (10 mg kg À1 ) on feeding and BW were evaluated in rats after gastric bypass. Results: Gastric bypass rats weighed (Po0.01) and ate less on postoperative day 5 (Po0.001) and thereafter, whereas postprandial plasma PYY and GLP-1 levels were higher compared with sham-operated controls (Po0.001). Administration of both PYY3-36 and Exendin-4 led to a further decrease in food intake in bypass rats compared with saline treatment (P ¼ 0.02 and Po0.0001, respectively). Similar reduction in food intake was observed in sham rats (P ¼ 0.02 and Po0.001, respectively). Exendin-4 treatment resulted in a significant BW loss in bypass (P ¼ 0.03) and sham rats (P ¼ 0.04). Subsequent treatment with octreotide led to an increase in food intake in bypass (P ¼ 0.007), but not in sham rats (P ¼ 0.87). Conclusion: Peripheral administration of PYY3-36 and Exendin-4 reduces short-term food intake, whereas octreotide increases short-term food intake in rats after gastric bypass. The endogenous gut hormone response after gastric bypass can thus potentially be further enhanced by additional exogenous therapy with pharmacological doses of gut hormones in patients with insufficient weight loss or weight regain after surgery.

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“…35,36 The body weight loss after GBP in rats is not entirely due to reduced food intake, as sham-operated rats that receive the same amount of food as GBP rats (pair-fed controls) still weigh more than GBP rats. 15 This observation has raised the possibility of enhanced energy expenditure following bypass surgery.…”

Section: Experimental Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Gastrointestinal hormones, energy balance and bariatric surgery

Bueter

Roux

2011

Int J Obes

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Despite increasing understanding of the changes in gastrointestinal and central neuroendocrine signaling following gastric bypass surgery (GBP) in morbidly obese patients, the mechanisms underlying weight loss and weight loss maintenance are not completely understood. Changes in energy expenditure are increasingly recognized as an important factor contributing to weight loss and metabolic effects in patients following GBP surgery. Experimental data regarding changes in energy balance following metabolic surgery in animal models suggest increased energy expenditure postoperatively as an important factor in the process of weight loss. However, the underlying neuroendocrine mechanisms are not well understood, and data regarding changes in energy expenditure in humans after GBP are inconsistent because of heterogenic patient populations and variable techniques. Nevertheless, a growing body of knowledge and understanding of the complex entero-neurohumoral interaction with its consequences in appetite, satiety and energy expenditure will help reveal the mechanisms of weight loss and weight loss maintenance following GBP surgery. Here we review how gastrointestinal hormones potentially regulate energy balance, and summarize current available experimental and clinical data on energy expenditure following obesity surgery.

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Gastric Bypass Increases Energy Expenditure in Rats

Abstract: 1Background 2

Cited by 191 publications

References 47 publications

Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery in rats alters gut microbiota profile along the intestine

Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery in rats alters gut microbiota profile along the intestine

Exogenous peptide YY3-36 and Exendin-4 further decrease food intake, whereas octreotide increases food intake in rats after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass

Gastrointestinal hormones, energy balance and bariatric surgery

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