Gastric cancer incidence, mortality and burden in adolescents and young adults: a time-trend analysis and comparison among China, South Korea, Japan and the USA

Abstract

ObjectivesTo evaluate and compare the burden of gastric cancer in adolescents and young adults (GCAYA) among China, South Korea, Japan and the USA, four countries with similar or different rates of gastric cancer (GC) incidence, development levels and cancer control strategies.DesignThis population-based observational study collected the epidemiological data of GCAYA from the Global Burden of Diseases Study 2019. The trend magnitude and directions over time for incidence and mortality of GCAYA were analysed and compared among four countries.Main outcomes and measuresOutcomes included new cases, deaths, mortality-to-incidence ratios (MIRs), disability-adjusted life years, and their age-standardised rates and estimated annual percentage changes (AAPCs).ResultsThere were 49 008 new cases and 27 895 deaths from GCAYA in 2019, nearly half of which occurred in China. The AAPCs for the age-standardised incidence and mortality rate were 0.3 (−0.1 to 0.7), –3.6 (−3.7 to –3.4), −3.2 (−3.8 to –2.6), −0.1 (−0.6 to 0.5) and −2.0 (−2.3 to −1.6), −5.6 (−6.2 to –5.0), −4.4 (−4.7 to –4.1), −0.7 (−1.0 to −0.3) in China, South Korea, Japan and the USA, respectively. The incidence rate for females in the USA rose by 0.4% annually. GC ranks fifth, first, fourth and ninth in China, South Korea, Japan and the USA regarding burdens caused by cancer in adolescents and young adults. The MIRs declined constantly in South Korea and China, and the MIR in the USA became the highest in 2019.ConclusionsAlthough not covered by prevention and screening programmes, variations in disease burden and time trends may reflect variations in risk factors, cancer control strategies and treatment accessibility of GC among the four countries. Investigating the reasons behind the varying disease burden and changing trends of GCAYA across countries will inform recommendations for prevention measures and timely diagnosis specific to this underserved population to further decrease the GC burden.

Trends in mortality from gastrointestinal, hepatic, and pancreatic cancers in the United States: A comprehensive analysis (1999–2020)

“…Like our analysis, a study comparing mortality trends for stomach cancer among adolescents and young adults in four countries, including the USA, reported declining death rates from 1990 to 2019. 17 Several factors may contribute to the observed trends in gastrointestinal cancer-related mortality. The decline in certain cancer-related mortalities can be attributed to advancements in early detection, prevention strategies, and treatment options.…”

“…Like our analysis, a study comparing mortality trends for stomach cancer among adolescents and young adults in four countries, including the USA, reported declining death rates from 1990 to 2019. 17 …”

Metastasis patterns and prognosis in young gastric cancer patients: A propensity score‑matched SEER database analysis

“…OS was computed from the date of diagnosis to the last follow-up or death from any cause, while GCSS was computed from the date of diagnosis to death from GC. For analysis, the age at disease diagnosis of 40 years was used as the cutoff point based on most previous literatures [22][23][24][25].…”

GPR137 inactivates Hippo signaling to promote gastric cancer cell malignancy

“…As the fifth most common cancer around the world, gastric cancer (GC) ranks as the third major cause of cancer-related death globally, with a particularly high incidence in Asian countries including China and Japan [ 1 , 2 ]. Despite the declining incidence of GC, there are still over 1 million cases newly diagnosed and 850,000 deaths globally each year [ 3 ].…”