Gastric Emptying After Pickle-Juice Ingestion in Rested, Euhydrated Humans

Miller, Kevin; Mack, Gary W.; Knight, Kenneth L.

doi:10.4085/1062-6050-45.6.601

Cited by 13 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Whereas percentage changes in plasma volume can decrease 3% to 5% after PJ ingestion, 15,31 plasma volume changes were less than 1% over 60 minutes postingestion in my study. The discrepancy likely reflects the fact that earlier investigators provided larger volumes of PJ 31 to euhydrated 15 rather than hypohydrated individuals. Given that minor percentage changes in plasma volume occurred, one may assume thirst would be unaffected.…”

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 69%

Electrolyte and Plasma Responses After Pickle Juice, Mustard, and Deionized Water Ingestion in Dehydrated Humans

Miller¹

2014

Journal of Athletic Training

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Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 69%

Electrolyte and Plasma Responses After Pickle Juice, Mustard, and Deionized Water Ingestion in Dehydrated Humans

Miller¹

2014

Journal of Athletic Training

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“…32 In our study, the gastric-emptying rates were likely low for all conditions due to the small volumes ingested and vigorous exercise. Miller et al 21 observed a gastric-emptying rate of approximately 2 mL per minute when rested, euhydrated participants ingested 1 bolus of PJ that was approximately 150 mL. In our study, plasma Na þ content increased only in the 2-bolus condition from 30 to 65 minutes.…”

mentioning

confidence: 38%

“…Second, participants did not exercise postingestion of PJ. [17][18][19]21 No researchers have examined the extracellular fluid space after individuals ingested PJ and then resumed exercise. Given that aldosterone increases during exercise, consuming a salty drink and resuming exercise may increase [Na þ ] p or OSM p because aldosterone increases Na þ absorption in the kidney.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…19 Previous examinations of the effect of PJ on the extracellular fluid space had 3 limitations. [17][18][19][20][21] First, the authors only provided 1 bolus of PJ at 1 time, either preexercise 17,21 or postexercise. [18][19][20] Anecdotally, some athletic trainers give athletes PJ multiple times over the course of an exercise session to treat or prevent EAMC (eg, before a game or at halftime).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Plasma and Electrolyte Changes in Exercising Humans After Ingestion of Multiple Boluses of Pickle Juice

McKenney

Miller

Deal

et al. 2015

Journal of Athletic Training

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Context: Twenty-five percent of athletic trainers administer pickle juice (PJ) to treat cramping. Anecdotally, some clinicians provide multiple boluses of PJ during exercise but warn that repeated ingestion of PJ may cause hyperkalemia. To our knowledge, no researchers have examined the effect of ingesting multiple boluses of PJ on the same day or the effect of ingestion during exercise.Objective: To determine the short-term effects of ingesting a single bolus or multiple boluses of PJ on plasma variables and to characterize changes in plasma variables when individuals ingest PJ and resume exercise.Design: Crossover study. Setting: Laboratory.Patients or Other Participants: Nine euhydrated men (age ¼ 23 6 4 years, height ¼ 180.9 6 5.8 cm, mass ¼ 80.7 6 13.8 kg, urine specific gravity ¼ 1.009 6 0.005).Intervention(s): On 3 days, participants rested for 30 minutes, and then a blood sample was collected. Participants ingested 0 or 1 bolus (1 mLÁkg À1 body weight) of PJ, donned sweat suits, biked vigorously for 30 minutes (approximate temperature ¼ 378C, relative humidity ¼ 18%), and had a blood sample collected. They either rested for 60 seconds (0-and 1-bolus conditions) or ingested a second 1 mLÁkg À1 body weight bolus of PJ (2-bolus condition). They resumed exercise for another 35 minutes. A third blood sample was collected, and they exited the environmental chamber and rested for 60 minutes (approximate temperature ¼ 218C, relative humidity ¼ 18%). Blood samples were collected at 30 and 60 minutes postexercise.Main Outcome Measure(s): Plasma sodium concentration, plasma potassium concentration, plasma osmolality, and changes in plasma volume.Results: The number of PJ boluses ingested did not affect plasma sodium concentration, plasma potassium concentration, plasma osmolality, or changes in plasma volume over time. The plasma sodium concentration, plasma potassium concentration, and plasma osmolality did not exceed 144.6 mEqÁL À1 (144.6 mmolÁL À1 ), 4.98 mEqÁL À1 (4.98 mmolÁL À1 ), and 289.5 mOsmÁkg À1 H 2 O, respectively, in any condition at any time. Conclusions: Ingesting up to 2 boluses of PJ and resuming exercise caused negligible changes in blood variables. Ingesting up to 2 boluses of PJ did not increase plasma sodium concentration or cause hyperkalemia.

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“…These symptoms have been observed after ingestion of salt tablets and large volumes of water, 29,30 large volumes of isotonic and hypertonic sodium drinks, 31 or large volumes of PJ (ie, 7 mL/kg body mass). 32 None of our participants experienced upset stomach or abdominal cramping after PJ ingestion, and finishing times were similar between trials.…”

Section: Plasma Volume and Time To Exhaustionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Pre-Exercise Ingestion of Pickle Juice, Hypertonic Saline, or Water and Aerobic Performance and Thermoregulation

Peikert

Miller

Albrecht

et al. 2014

Journal of Athletic Training

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Objective: To determine if drinking 2 mL/kg body mass of PJ, hypertonic saline, or deionized water (DIW) pre-exercise affects aerobic performance or thermoregulation.Design: Crossover study. Setting: Controlled laboratory study.Patients or Other Participants: Nine euhydrated men (age ¼ 22 6 3 years, height ¼ 184.0 6 8.2 cm, mass ¼ 82.6 6 16.0 kg) completed testing.Intervention(s): Participants rested for 65 minutes. During this period, they ingested 2 mL/kg of PJ, hypertonic saline, or DIW. Next, they drank 5 mL/kg of DIW. Blood was collected before and after ingestion of all fluids. Participants were weighed and ran in the heat (temperature ¼ 38.38C 6 18C, relative humidity ¼ 21.1% 6 4.7%) at increasing increments of maximal heart rate (50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95%) until exhaustion or until rectal temperature exceeded 39.58C. Participants were weighed postexercise so we could calculate sweat volume.Main Outcome Measure(s): Time to exhaustion, rectal temperature, changes in plasma volume, and sweat volume.Results: Time to exhaustion did not differ among drinks (PJ ¼ 77.4 6 5.9 minutes, hypertonic saline ¼ 77.4 6 4.0 minutes, DIW ¼ 75.7 6 3.2 minutes; F 2,16 ¼ 1.1, P ¼ .40). Core temperature of participants was similar among drinks (PJ ¼ 38.78C 6 0.38C, hypertonic saline ¼ 38.78C 6 0.48C, DIW ¼ 38.88C 6 0.48C; P ¼ .74) but increased from pre-exercise (36.78C 6 0.28C) to postexercise (38.78C 6 0.48C) (P , .05). No differences were observed for changes in plasma volume or sweat volume among drinks (P . .05).Conclusions: Ingesting small amounts of PJ or hypertonic saline with water did not affect performance or select thermoregulatory measures. Drinking larger volumes of PJ and water may be more effective at expanding the extracellular space.Key Words: acetic acid, core temperature, exhaustion, sodium, vinegar Key PointsIngesting 2 mL/kg body mass of pickle juice (PJ) or hypertonic saline with water pre-exercise did not affect performance. Ingesting PJ or hypertonic saline did not alter final core temperature or sweat volume. Ingesting PJ or hypertonic saline with modest volumes of water did not cause plasma volume expansion. Ingesting small volumes of PJ with water before exercise is unlikely to affect athletic performance or select thermoregulatory variables, such as rectal temperature or sweat loss.

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Gastric Emptying After Pickle-Juice Ingestion in Rested, Euhydrated Humans

Cited by 13 publications

References 35 publications

Electrolyte and Plasma Responses After Pickle Juice, Mustard, and Deionized Water Ingestion in Dehydrated Humans

Electrolyte and Plasma Responses After Pickle Juice, Mustard, and Deionized Water Ingestion in Dehydrated Humans

Plasma and Electrolyte Changes in Exercising Humans After Ingestion of Multiple Boluses of Pickle Juice

Pre-Exercise Ingestion of Pickle Juice, Hypertonic Saline, or Water and Aerobic Performance and Thermoregulation

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