Gastric emptying and motility: assessment with MR imaging--preliminary observations.

Kunz, Patrik; Crelier, Gérard; Schwizer, Wemer; Borovicka, Jan; Kreiss, Christianna; Fried, Michael; Boesiger, Peter

doi:10.1148/radiology.207.1.9530296

Cited by 77 publications

(72 citation statements)

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“…MRI has the potential to become an overall test to measure gastric emptying, volume change, and wall motion as a surrogate of contractile activity without radiation exposure (43,72,73,76,85,86,111). It also has the ability to separately assess the emptying of fat and water from the stomach (73).…”

Section: Other Technologies For Gastric Emptyingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methods for measurement of gastric motility

Szarka¹,

Camilleri²

2009

American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physi

104

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Szarka LA, Camilleri M. Methods for measurement of gastric motility. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 296: G461-G475, 2009. First published January 15, 2009 doi:10.1152/ajpgi.90467.2008There is an array of tests available to measure gastric motility. Some tests measure end points, such as gastric emptying, that result from several different functions, whereas other tests are more specific and test only a single parameter, such as contractility. This article reviews the tests most commonly available in practice and research to evaluate in vivo the gastric functions of emptying, accommodation, contractility, and myoelectrical activity. The rationale for testing, the relative strengths and weaknesses of each test, and technical details are summarized. We also briefly indicate the applications and validations of the tests for use in experimental animal studies. contractility; emptying; accommodation; gastroparesis; dyspepsia ASSESSMENT OF THE MOTOR FUNCTIONS (motility) of the stomach is important in studies of gastric physiology and pathophysiology. Although not generally applied in gastroenterological practice, there is increasing use of tests to evaluate gastric function, particularly less invasive tests in clinical settings.There is an array of tests available to measure gastric motility. Some tests measure end points, such as gastric emptying, that result from several different functions, whereas other tests are more specific and test only a single parameter, such as contractility. This article reviews the tests most commonly available in practice and research to evaluate in vivo the gastric functions of emptying, accommodation, contractility, and myoelectrical activity. The rationale for testing, the relative strengths and weaknesses of each test, and technical details are summarized. A brief discussion is also provided for methods that have been used in animals to study motor functions of the stomach in animals. Tests to Evaluate Gastric Emptying of SolidsGastric emptying is a composite end point reflecting a variety of functions including gastric accommodation, the pressure gradient between the proximal and distal stomach, and antropyloroduodenal contractility and coordination. The trituration of solids and emptying of solid and liquid food from the stomach are arguably the most important physiological functions of the stomach. Abnormal gastric emptying, either accelerated at 1 h or delayed at 4 h, is among the factors that contribute to reporting of dyspepsia or the development of postprandial symptoms after meal challenge (35). For all tests of gastric motility and emptying, there are standard precautions (1): 1) Drugs affecting gastric motility (e.g., anticholinergics, narcotics, and prokinetics) are stopped for 48 h prior to the test, and the study is performed in the morning after an overnight fast. 2) Diabetic subjects should have a glucose level Ͻ275 mg/dl. 3) At the time the meal is ingested, Type 1 diabetic patients should receive half of their normal insulin dose. Gastric Emptying Scintigrap...

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Section: Other Technologies For Gastric Emptyingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methods for measurement of gastric motility

Szarka¹,

Camilleri²

2009

American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physi

104

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“…Cine-MRI can image the GI tract with sufficient speed to visualize motility. This can be done on the stomach looking at antral motility frequency and amplitude (Kunz et al, 1998;Marciani et al, 2001;Schwizer et al, 1994Schwizer et al, , 1996Wright et al, 1999). More recently, the technique has been extended to the small bowel (Hahnemann et al, 2015;Menys et al, 2014;Odille et al, 2012) and to the colon (Buhmann et al, 2005;Menys et al, 2014).…”

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confidence: 99%

Exploring gastrointestinal variables affecting drug and formulation behavior: Methodologies, challenges and opportunities

Hens

Corsetti

Spiller

et al. 2017

International Journal of Pharmaceutics

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(2017) Exploring gastrointestinal variables affecting drug and formulation behavior: methodologies, challenges and opportunities. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 519 (1-2). pp. 79-97. ISSN 1873-3476Access from the University of Nottingham repository: http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/39960/1/FinalVersion-Revised-FOR_EPRINTS_1_YEAR_EMBARGO_ELSEVIER.pdf Copyright and reuse:The Nottingham ePrints service makes this work by researchers of the University of Nottingham available open access under the following conditions. This article is made available under the Creative Commons Attribution Non-commercial No Derivatives licence and may be reused according to the conditions of the licence. For more details see: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.5/ A note on versions:The version presented here may differ from the published version or from the version of record. If you wish to cite this item you are advised to consult the publisher's version. Please see the repository url above for details on accessing the published version and note that access may require a subscription. After oral intake, a drug formulation is challenged by several gastrointestinal (GI) barriers. Complex variables such as pH, GI secretions and GI transit/motility along the GI tract can affect drug release and absorption in a positive or negative way depending on the physicochemical properties of the drug compound (e.g. pH/pKa interplay for ionizable drugs) and/or the formulation characteristics (e.g. pHsensitive coating). In addition, inter-subject variability in characteristics of the GI environment may cause variable drug absorption and systemic drug availability (Riethorst et al., 2015). Determining the median and range for specific GI variables, and understanding how they influence oral drug behavior along the GI tract, will be helpful in the field of drug development. 2The present review provides an overview of different methodologies that can be applied to study physiological variables of the human GI tract and their impact on oral drug absorption in healthy and patient populations. The methodologies have been subdivided into two groups: (i) noninvasive and (ii) invasive methodologies. Although some of the methodologies are more historical than operational, they have been of paramount importance for innovations in drug and formulation development; in addition, they have created the basis for several novel methodologies, leading to an in-depth comprehension of different GI variables: gastric emptying (magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), scintigraphy, acetaminophen absorption technique, ultrasonography, breath test, intraluminal sampling and telemetry), motility (MRI, small intestinal/colonic manometry and telemetry), GI volume changes (MRI and ultrasonography), temperature (telemetry) and GI pH (intraluminal sampling and telemetry). Noninvasive methodologiesa. Scintigraphy Disturbances in the normal movement of food along the GI tract can be associated with abdominal pain, early satiety and nausea. Measurement of GI transit, es...

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“…The maximum and minimum gallbladder volumes allow easy estimates of gallbladder contraction (11). Importantly, by knowing meal energy density from measuring meal dilution by MRI (15,16), it would also be possible to estimate calories delivered to the duodenum and also correlate this to gallbladder coordination, in a fashion similar to Fig. 4.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring of gallbladder and gastric coordination by EPI

Marciani

Bush²,

Wright

et al. 2004

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

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Purpose: To assess for the first time the potential of echoplanar magnetic resonance imaging (EPI) for measuring simultaneously both gallbladder and gastric emptying. Materials and Methods:Eight healthy subjects ingested 500 mL of an acid-stable liquid test meal containing 15% olive oil and flavoring. Every 20 minutes for three hours thereafter, a rapid EPI multislice set was acquired across the whole abdomen, using a dedicated whole-body 0.5-T EPI scanner. Results:The bile in the gallbladder and the test meal in the stomach appeared bright in the EPI images, aiding localization and region of interest analysis. We measured the gallbladder emptying curve and fitted the data to a simple analytical model. The mean fasted gallbladder volume was 25 Ϯ 4 mL, comparable to previously published MRI and ultrasound values. Gastric emptying data fitted well to a linear model linear (R 2 ϭ 0.99), and we observed an exponential (R 2 ϭ 0.98) relationship between gallbladder and gastric volumes for the first 90 minutes. Conclusion:This study shows the potential of EPI to monitor simultaneously and noninvasively the emptying of the gallbladder and of the gastric lumen. No contrast enhancing agents are needed. This method could overcome the limitations of previous gamma scintigraphy and ultrasound techniques.

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Gastric emptying and motility: assessment with MR imaging--preliminary observations.

Abstract: MR imaging makes it feasible to study gastric emptying and gastric motility and to determine the influence of drugs on gastric motor activity.

Cited by 77 publications

References 0 publications

Methods for measurement of gastric motility

Methods for measurement of gastric motility

Exploring gastrointestinal variables affecting drug and formulation behavior: Methodologies, challenges and opportunities

Monitoring of gallbladder and gastric coordination by EPI

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