Gastric emptying and postprandial duodenogastric reflux in pylorectomized dogs

Müller-Lissner, S; Sonnenberg, Amnon; Schattenmann, G.; Hollinger, A; Siewert, J. R.

doi:10.1152/ajpgi.1982.242.1.g9

Cited by 10 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…The individual structures in this 'py loric region' are described in the literature by a plethora of terms. The actual function remains, however, controversial [5,10]. A number of authors have identified in vivo a high pressure zone in the pyloric region, whilst others have not [4,12,17].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A number of authors have identified in vivo a high pressure zone in the pyloric region, whilst others have not [4,12,17]. A role in gastric emptying [10,11] as well as the pre vention of the duodenal-gastric reflux has been discussed [5]. In a 1957 summary, Thomas [7] discounted that the pylorus was an autonomic organ which functioned inde pendently of the attached muscular struc tures.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Myogenic Basis of Motility in the Pyloric Region of Human and Canine Stomachs

Lüdtke

Lammel²,

Mandrek³

et al. 1991

Dig Dis

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In vitro gastric motility was investigated in 48 human and 16 canine stomachs by measuring the mechanical activity of isolated muscle strips under auxotonic conditions. For a precise regional differentiation, we recorded the mechanical activity of longitudinal and circular strips from fundus, corpus and antrum, as well as from circular preparations of the inner and outer layer of the pyloric sphincter and from the duodenum. The analysis showed that the anatomical division of the stomach into three distinct regions resulted physiologically in different patterns of contraction in vitro for each region. The fundus exhibited purely tonic spontaneous activity and a tonic contraction pattern after application of acetylcholine whereas the activity in the circular antrum was purely phasic. A combination of tonic and phasic contractions was found in the corpus and longitudinal antrum. A major difference in the basic spontaneous activity pattern was evident between man and dog. A gradient of intrinsic frequency in the stomach from proximal to distal was seen in the dog but not in man. A physiologically distinct area exists in the pyloric region of both species adjacent to the antrum and duodenum. The pyloric ring has its own spontaneous activity (minute-rhythm), reacts to the application of acetylcholine with relatively weak contractions and, unique to the dog, was delineated by histamine-induced maximal contractions. The results provide evidence that the pyloric ring is a distinct organ with specific functional characteristics in its cellular-myogenic structure.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Myogenic Basis of Motility in the Pyloric Region of Human and Canine Stomachs

Lüdtke

Lammel²,

Mandrek³

et al. 1991

Dig Dis

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“…In 2 of the dogs. Heineke-Mikulicz pyloroplasty, and in 3 of the dogs, extramucosal circular pylorectomy was performed in addition (for further details of the oper ative technique see MüUer-Lissner et al [7]). Experi ments were performed after an 18-hour fast during which the dogs had free access to water.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of a Transpyloric Tube on Gastric Emptying and Duodenogastric Reflux in the Dog

Müller-Lissner¹,

Schattenmann²,

Siewert³

1983

Digestion

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The effect of a transpyloric tube on duodenogastric reflux and on gastric emptying was studied in dogs with either an intact pylorus, a Heineke-Mikulicz pyloroplasty, or an extramucosal circular pylorectomy. In fasting dogs, duodenogastric reflux was 10 times smaller than after feeding a liquid lipid meal. A transpyloric tube increased the reflux rate in fasting, but not in fed dogs, while pylorectomy increased reflux rate and intragastric accumulation of a duodenal marker in fed, but not in fasting dogs. It is concluded, therefore, that in the dog (1) methods to measure duodenogastric reflux should not involve the necessity to position a transpyloric tube and (2) the pylorus and adjacent structures are involved in keeping duodenogastric reflux at a low level.

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“…Samples of gastrointestinal contents are obtained through an oro-or nasogastric tube or a fistula or catheter inserted in the gastric or small intestinal wall. This method has been widely applied for assessment of gastrointestinal transit in dog, 26,62,69,102,103 cat, [104][105][106] pig, 107 and horse. 108 Some intestinal tracer studies required euthanizing the animals at defined time periods after ingestion of a meal in order to determine the rate of gastric transit of the tracer.…”

Section: Tracer Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Methods for Assessment of the Rate of Gastric Emptying in the Dog and Cat: 1898–2002

Wyse

McLellan

Dickie

et al. 2003

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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Gastric emptying is the process by which food is delivered to the small intestine at a rate and in a form that optimizes intestinal absorption of nutrients. The rate of gastric emptying is subject to alteration by physiological, pharmacological, and pathological conditions. Gastric emptying of solids is of greater clinical significance because disordered gastric emptying rarely is detectable in the liquid phase. Imaging techniques have the disadvantage of requiring restraint of the animal and access to expensive equipment. Radiographic methods require administration of test meals that are not similar to food. Scintigraphy is the gold standard method for assessment of gastric emptying but requires administration of a radioisotope. Magnetic resonance imaging has not yet been applied for assessment of gastric emptying in small animals. Ultrasonography is a potentially useful, but subjective, method for assessment of gastric emptying in dogs. Gastric tracer methods require insertion of gastric or intestinal cannulae and are rarely applied outside of the research laboratory. The paracetamol absorption test has been applied for assessment of liquid phase gastric emptying in the dog, but requires IV cannulation. The gastric emptying breath test is a noninvasive method for assessment of gastric emptying that has been applied in dogs and cats. This method can be carried out away from the veterinary hospital, but the effects of physiological and pathological abnormalities on the test are not known. Advances in technology will facilitate the development of reliable methods for assessment of gastric emptying in small animals.Key words: Barium-impregnated polyethylene spheres; Breath test; Radiography; Scintigraphy; Ultrasonography.T he important role of the stomach in the digestion of food has been recognized for many centuries. The term ''pylorus'' dates from before the 5th century and is derived from the Greek, meaning ''keeper of the gate,'' an indication that early physicians had some understanding of the physiological function of gastric emptying. The rate of gastric emptying was assessed noninvasively for the 1st time in 1898, when the Harvard physiologist, W.B. Cannon, used X-rays to trace the outline of a radiopaque meal passing through the stomach of a cat (Fig 1).1 Over the next 6 years, Cannon used this method to characterize the functional significance of fundic and antral contractions and demonstrated the effect of emotion and food on the rate of gastric emptying.1,2 Together, these studies formed the cornerstones of the study of gastric motility, and Cannon's findings continue to influence our understanding of gastric emptying to this day. Indeed, over 100 years later, the radiographic tracing of gastric emptying remains the most commonly applied method for assessment of gastric motility in veterinary medicine. 3More recently, the dog has been used as an animal model for the study of human gastric emptying in many physiological and pharmacological studies, and gastric emptying is now more clearly understood in...

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Gastric emptying and postprandial duodenogastric reflux in pylorectomized dogs

Cited by 10 publications

References 0 publications

Myogenic Basis of Motility in the Pyloric Region of Human and Canine Stomachs

Myogenic Basis of Motility in the Pyloric Region of Human and Canine Stomachs

Effect of a Transpyloric Tube on Gastric Emptying and Duodenogastric Reflux in the Dog

A Review of Methods for Assessment of the Rate of Gastric Emptying in the Dog and Cat: 1898–2002

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