Gastric Emptying in the Elderly

Soenen, Stijn; Rayner, Christopher K.; Horowitz, Michael; Jones, Karen L.

doi:10.1016/j.cger.2015.04.003

Cited by 73 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…As a final remark, the authors found that some participants experienced difficulty consuming the entire portion of 210 g of ricotta cheese due to an early satiety. This finding is consistent with previous findings on early satiety in the elderly, especially following a high protein meal [28]. The results of these studies suggest Fig.…”

Section: Protein and Amino Acidssupporting

confidence: 83%

“…Furthermore, slower gastric emptying and delayed proximal gastric accommodation to a meal are also observed in the elderly. These aforementioned factors contribute to anorexia of aging, including loss of appetite and early satiation, resulting in reduced nutrient availability in the elderly, which contributes to loss of skeletal muscles and thus aggravating chances of developing sarcopenia [28]. Moreover, most recent research suggests that the skeletal muscle protein synthetic response to dietary food intake is impaired in older adults.…”

Section: Impaired Digestion In Older Adults Impacts Nutrients Intake mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nutritional supplementations and administration considerations for sarcopenia in older adults

Farshidfar

Shulgina

Myrie

2016

NUA

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Abstract. Sarcopenia is a progressive degenerative disorder affecting ≥40% of older adults over the age of 70 years. It is characterized by involuntary muscle loss leading to functional disability, weakness, and frailty in the elderly. Numerous mechanisms have been suggested as potential contributors to sarcopenia onset, including anorexia of aging, protein imbalances, and oxidative stress. While consensus preventive and management approaches for sarcopenia are not yet clearly defined, it is unquestionable that nutrition plays a critical role. This review focuses on the more widely studied, potent nutrients used to attenuate sarcopenia: protein/amino acids, vitamin D and calcium, antioxidants and omega-3 fatty acids. In efforts to achieve optimum delivery of these nutrients to target tissues in older adults it is important to also consider the issue of compromised digestive system that occurs with aging, which will contribute to suboptimal nutrients absorption and utilization. Therefore, this review aims to summarize key sarcopenia-attenuating nutrients and to distinguish for each identified nutrient whether a dietary or a supplemental form is the most effective therapy for nutrient delivery in sarcopenic older adults.

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Section: Protein and Amino Acidssupporting

confidence: 83%

Section: Impaired Digestion In Older Adults Impacts Nutrients Intake mentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutritional supplementations and administration considerations for sarcopenia in older adults

Farshidfar

Shulgina

Myrie

2016

NUA

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“…In female volunteers, "delayed" GE of solids seems to be related to a prolonged lag phase during which no emptying is observed, decelerating the emptying rate (Bennink et al, 1998). Moreover, GE seemed to be delayed in elderly compared to young subjects (Soenen et al, 2015). It has been demonstrated that motor dysfunction of the upper GI tract and/or colon is common in patients with functional (nonorganic) upper and/or lower GI symptoms.…”

Section: Noninvasive Methodologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring gastrointestinal variables affecting drug and formulation behavior: Methodologies, challenges and opportunities

Hens

Corsetti

Spiller

et al. 2017

International Journal of Pharmaceutics

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(2017) Exploring gastrointestinal variables affecting drug and formulation behavior: methodologies, challenges and opportunities. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 519 (1-2). pp. 79-97. ISSN 1873-3476Access from the University of Nottingham repository: http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/39960/1/FinalVersion-Revised-FOR_EPRINTS_1_YEAR_EMBARGO_ELSEVIER.pdf Copyright and reuse:The Nottingham ePrints service makes this work by researchers of the University of Nottingham available open access under the following conditions. This article is made available under the Creative Commons Attribution Non-commercial No Derivatives licence and may be reused according to the conditions of the licence. For more details see: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.5/ A note on versions:The version presented here may differ from the published version or from the version of record. If you wish to cite this item you are advised to consult the publisher's version. Please see the repository url above for details on accessing the published version and note that access may require a subscription. After oral intake, a drug formulation is challenged by several gastrointestinal (GI) barriers. Complex variables such as pH, GI secretions and GI transit/motility along the GI tract can affect drug release and absorption in a positive or negative way depending on the physicochemical properties of the drug compound (e.g. pH/pKa interplay for ionizable drugs) and/or the formulation characteristics (e.g. pHsensitive coating). In addition, inter-subject variability in characteristics of the GI environment may cause variable drug absorption and systemic drug availability (Riethorst et al., 2015). Determining the median and range for specific GI variables, and understanding how they influence oral drug behavior along the GI tract, will be helpful in the field of drug development. 2The present review provides an overview of different methodologies that can be applied to study physiological variables of the human GI tract and their impact on oral drug absorption in healthy and patient populations. The methodologies have been subdivided into two groups: (i) noninvasive and (ii) invasive methodologies. Although some of the methodologies are more historical than operational, they have been of paramount importance for innovations in drug and formulation development; in addition, they have created the basis for several novel methodologies, leading to an in-depth comprehension of different GI variables: gastric emptying (magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), scintigraphy, acetaminophen absorption technique, ultrasonography, breath test, intraluminal sampling and telemetry), motility (MRI, small intestinal/colonic manometry and telemetry), GI volume changes (MRI and ultrasonography), temperature (telemetry) and GI pH (intraluminal sampling and telemetry). Noninvasive methodologiesa. Scintigraphy Disturbances in the normal movement of food along the GI tract can be associated with abdominal pain, early satiety and nausea. Measurement of GI transit, es...

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“…Healthy ageing is associated with modest slowing of gastric emptying of both solids and liquids, but the rate of emptying generally remains within the range for healthy young volunteers (i.e. 1-4 kcal/min) [18]. We have recently shown that ageing appears especially to affect the initial phase of gastric emptying of protein drinks [12], although the dose-dependent slowing of gastric emptying with ingestion of increasing loads of protein was of comparable magnitude in both healthy young and older men.…”

Section: Stomachmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The relative slowing of gastric emptying with ageing may have implications for appetite regulation, potentially contributing to the so-called 'anorexia of ageing' [10,18] -the reduction of appetite and energy intake evident in older when compared with young adults -which is likely to predispose older people to pathological weight loss, particularly affecting skeletal muscle. Even 'healthy' ageing is characterized by altered regulation of appetite and energy intake, which are both less in young adults, and which appear to be less sensitive to further suppression by ingestion of nutrients including protein ( Fig.…”

Section: Stomachmentioning

confidence: 99%

The ageing gastrointestinal tract

Soenen

Rayner

Jones

et al. 2016

Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care

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Alterations in gut function with ageing have particular implications for oesophageal, gastric, and colonic motility. Older individuals are particularly susceptible to malnutrition, postprandial hypotension, dysphagia, constipation, and faecal incontinence. Decrease in the number of nerve cells of the myenteric plexus that impact digestive absorption and the surface area of the small intestine because of degeneration of villi may lead to blunted absorption of nutrients. Impairment of the intestinal immune system as a result of ageing, including the mucosal layer of the gastrointestinal tract, appears to be a significant contributor to the age-related increase in the incidence and severity of infections.

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Gastric Emptying in the Elderly

Cited by 73 publications

References 79 publications

Nutritional supplementations and administration considerations for sarcopenia in older adults

Nutritional supplementations and administration considerations for sarcopenia in older adults

Exploring gastrointestinal variables affecting drug and formulation behavior: Methodologies, challenges and opportunities

The ageing gastrointestinal tract

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