Gastric Glomus Tumor: A Clinicopathologic and Immunohistochemical Study of 21 Cases

Abstract

Gastric glomus tumors (GGTs) are rare mesenchymal tumors. Most glomus tumors occur in the distal parts of the extremities. Here, we retrospectively analyzed the features of GGTs from two institutions. The histologic and clinical findings of all GGT cases from 2009 to 2018 were reviewed. The most common location was the antrum, the mean age of patients was 49.3 years, and the mean tumor size was 2.1 cm. Microscopically, small, round cell nodules surrounded the expansion of blood vessels in a nest pattern. Immunohistochemical assays for vimentin and smooth muscle actin (SMA) were positive, and assays for H-caldesmon and calponin were partially positive. GGT is rare and easily misdiagnosed before operation. However, immunohistochemistry is useful for the differential diagnosis. The majority of GGTs are benign, and local surgery achieving complete resection is the most effective treatment method.

Metastatic Malignant Gastric Glomus Tumour: Multidisciplinary Diagnosis & Treatment of a Rare Clinical Entity

“…[19] In the present case, the immunoreactivity for SMA, MSA, and calponin with negative staining for all keratins, CD56, chromogranin, and CDX2 ruled out neuroendocrine tumor despite the synaptophysin result. [19] Surgical resection with curative intent remains the mainstay of treatment, especially for single solitary lesions. [3,4] However, the management of locally advanced disease and metastatic disease remain less clear.…”

Rare gastric neoplasm: Malignant glomus tumor of the stomach. A case report

“…The peak incidence of GGTs occurs in the fifth - sixth decades of life and more commonly in females. In the stomach, most lesions occur in the gastric antrum and the size ranging between 0.8–11 cm [ 2 , [6] , [7] , [8] ].…”

“…Although most cases of glomus tumors are benign and have 10% recurrence rate, some malignant cases have been detected. Malignant tumors are aggressive, therefore long term follow-up is advised as the tumor may recur locally or metastasized to other organs in 40% [ 8 , 12 ]. After reviewing the English literature, the first case of malignant GGT was described in 1939 by Kirschbaum et al Additionally, to date only 11 cases with malignant type were reported [ 8 , 17 , 18 ].…”

Combined laparoscopic-endoscopic approach for gastric glomus tumor: A case report

“…Under an electron microscope, dense sarcolemmal bodies were seen in the cytoplasm, and there was a connecting structure between adjacent cells and the basement membrane around the cells. Immunohistochemical staining showed that SMA, vimentin, H-caldesmon, and calponin were positive in tumor cells, while synuclein and CD34 might be positive[ 12 ]. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) is an effective method to obtain pathological specimens of gastric submucosal tumors.…”