Gastric Hyperplastic Polyps: A Review

Abstract

Hyperplastic polyps represent the commonest polyp encountered in the stomach. They occur in patients of either gender and are commoner in the seventh decade of life. They are usually asymptomatic, small (less than 1 cm in diameter), solitary lesions occurring in the antrum but can present with dyspepsia, heartburn, abdominal pain, or upper gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding leading to anemia. Hyperplastic polyps almost never occur in normal gastric mucosa and are most commonly associated with chronic gastritis (Helicobacter pylori or autoimmune-induced). Pathologically, they are characterized by dilated, tortuous gastric foveoli set within an inflamed, edematous stroma. There is considerable histologic overlap especially with Ménétrier's disease and hamartomatous (juvenile or retention) polyps, and clinical input is mandatory to accomplish separation of these entities. Hyperplastic polyps arise as a by-product of repair to damaged mucosa. Dysplasia and malignancy are rarely associated with these polyps, which show an array of molecular aberrations. The importance of hyperplastic polyps for both gastroenterologist and pathologist lies in their association with other gastric mucosal pathology and mandates biopsy of adjacent mucosa and diligent search for accompanying pathology by the pathologist.

Gastric polyps and polypoid lesions: Retrospective analysis of 36650 endoscopic procedures in 29940 patients

“…In our study HPs were the most common type of polyps seen in the stomach; this finding is consistent with many previous reports (10,16,17,22,23). In the study of Carmack et al (3) HPs were seen in <15% of all polyps, they compared studies from different countries and stated that as HPs are associated with H. pylori infection, particularly atrophic gastritis the continuing decline of H. pylori infection and atrophic gastritis in the United States, as well as the simultaneous increase in FGPs, may have contributed to the low relative prevalence of HPs detected in their population.…”

“…Large HPs, up to 9 cm, have been reported (16). HPs are usually seen in older patients (seventh decade) with a slight female preponderance (17), which was also the case in our series. However HPs were also the commonest type of polyps seen in the study that included patients less than 21 years reported by Attard et al (18).…”

“…Hyperplastic polyps almost never occur in normal gastric mucosa and are most commonly associated with chronic gastritis; H. pylori or atrophic gastritis, especially corpus predominant type (16,17,21,22). In our study HPs were the most common type of polyps seen in the stomach; this finding is consistent with many previous reports (10,16,17,22,23).…”

Evaluation of gastric polyps detected by endoscopy: A single-center study of a four-year experience in Turkey

“…Hyperplastic polyps account for approximately 75% of all gastric polyps (8,15,16). Likewise, the majority of polyps in our study (83.9%) was hyperplastic.…”

Multiple Esophageal Hyperplastic Polyps in a Nigerian Woman

“…Buyukasik et al reviewed a total of 66 upper gastrointestinal polyps from 59 patients and found esophageal polyps to be less common as compared to gastric and duodenal polyps [29 in the Hyperplastic polyps of the gastric corpus and antrum usually develop in association with chronic gastritis but the pathogenesis of esophageal hyperplastic polyps is still not fully understood [10,11]. However, there is evidence to suggest that the lesion develops as a result of mucosal regenerative response to surrounding mucosal injury [5,6,8].…”