Gastric lesions associated with the presence of Anisakis spp. Dujardin, 1845 (Nematoda: Anisakidae) in Cetaceans stranded on the coast of Ceara, Brazil

Abstract

IÑIGUEZ, A.M. 2008. Gastric lesions associated with the presence of Anisakis spp. Dujardin, 1845 (Nematoda: Anisakidae) in Cetaceans stranded on the coast of Ceara, Brazil. Biota Neotrop. 8(2): http://www.biotaneotropica.org.br/ v8n2/en/abstract?article+bn01608022008. Abstract:The gastric compartments of ten cetaceans stranded on the coast of Ceará State, Northeast Brazil were analyzed in this study. Gastric Anisakis spp. was diagnosed in all individuals involved in this study. Parasites and tissue samples were collected during necropsy. The presence of Anisakis parasites showed similar distribution across the three gastric compartments and the majority was free within the gastric lumen. Macroscopically, the lesions were predominantly characterized by the presence of ulcers (60%, 6/10) within the gastric mucosa, occasionally associated with edema and hemorrhage (30%, 3/10). Eight cetaceans (8/10 -80%) presented gastric microscopic alterations and in 75% (6/8) of these animals, chronic lymphoplasmocytic gastritis was observed with varying degrees of distribution and severity. Additionally, eosinophilic and granulomatous inflammation with giant cells, hemosiderosis, fibrosis and areas of necrosis were associated with location of parasites within the gastric mucosa. In this study, it was shown that the majority of cetaceans with the presence of Anisakis parasites presented macro and microscopic gastric alterations. These nematodes are probably associated with the development of these alterations; however, more pathological approaches are still required. Resumo: Neste estudo, foram analisados os compartimentos gástricos de dez cetáceos encalhados na costa do Ceará, região nordeste do Brasil. Parasitos do gênero Anisakis foram diagnosticados em todos os indivíduos estudados. As amostras parasitárias e teciduais foram coletadas durante o procedimento de necropsia. A presença de Anisakis demonstrou distribuição similar nos três compartimentos gástricos, estando a maior parte dos parasitos livre na mucosa gástrica. Macroscopicamente, as lesões se caracterizaram principalmente pela presença de úlceras (60%, 6/10) gástricas, associadas ocasionalmente a edema e hemorragia (30%, 3/10). Oito cetáceos (8/10 -80%) apresentaram alterações gástricas microscópicas e em 75% (6/8) destes animais, foi observada uma gastrite crônica linfoplasmocitária com vários graus de distribuição e severidade. Foram constatados ainda, focos de inflamação granulomatosa com a presença de eosinófilos, células gigantes e a formação de hemossiderose, fibrose e de necrose em torno dos parasitos. Neste estudo, a maioria dos cetáceos com a presença de parasitos do gênero Anisakis apresentaram alterações gástricas macro e microscópicas. Estes nematóides estão provavelmente associados ao desenvolvimento destas alterações, entretanto, mais estudos são ainda necessários. Palavras-chave: Anisakis sp, nematóides, úlceras, patologia, mamíferos marinhos, cetáceos, encalhe. 92 Motta, M.R.A. et al.

Anisakid larva parasitizing Plagioscion squamosissimus in Marajó Bay and Tapajós River, state of Pará, Brazil

“…In Brazil, species of Anisakis have been recorded in marine mammals by many authors (SANTOS et al, 1996;ANDRADE et al, 1997;ZERBINI & SANTOS, 1997;SANTOS & LODI, 1998;MOTTA et al, 2008;IÑIGUEZ et al, 2009IÑIGUEZ et al, , 2011DI AZEVEDO et al, 2015). Humans can become infected by ingesting some species of nematode larvae of Anisakidae that are present in fishery products such as raw, undercooked, smoked or insufficiently salted fish.…”

Comparison of Racemic Ketamine Versus (S+) Ketamine When Combined with Midazolam for Anesthesia of Callithrix jacchus and Callithrix penicillata

“…was found in four stomachs, and it is currently under molecular identification. Anisakid nematodes are widely spread and have a high prevalence in the marine environment, including South America (Santos et al, 1996;Andrade et al, 2001;Dailey, 2001;Motta et al, 2008). Parasite-induced ulcers are typically shallow and have the anterior end of the worm embedded; but in some cases, there may be numerous adult and larval anisakid parasites free within the lumen.…”

“…Parasite-induced ulcers are typically shallow and have the anterior end of the worm embedded; but in some cases, there may be numerous adult and larval anisakid parasites free within the lumen. Ulcers may be acute and hemorrhagic, or chronic, healing by fibrosis and granulation (Howard et al, 1983;Motta et al, 2008).…”

Anisakis spp. induced granulomatous dermatitis in a harbour porpoise Phocoena phocoena and a bottlenose dolphin Tursiops truncatus

“…Severity of infection does not differ in subadult or adult harbour porpoises. Less is known regarding Anisakis infection in bottlenose dolphins Tursiops truncatus, but prevalence and pathogenicity are very likely to be comparable between different cetacean species (Abollo et al 1998, Motta et al 2008). …”