Gastric motility

Abstract

Using dynamic imaging modalities, the pathophysiology of dyspepsia is becoming better understood and recognized as an end point of multifactorial dysfunction of the enteric neural circuitry. Mechanism-targeted drugs, stem cell transplantation and electrical stimulation options are becoming available.

Scintigraphic Evaluation of Gastric Emptying in Obese Patients Submitted to Sleeve Gastrectomy Compared to Normal Subjects

“…Accommodation, trituration, mixing, and grinding food in the distal stomach, once properly mixed and nearly liquefied, are emptied into the duodenum by gastric peristaltic well-regulated contractions [1,10,11,15]. After SG, gastric reservoir function is reduced substantially because the gastric receptive relaxation or accommodation is eliminated due to gastric resection and, as a consequence, secondary rapid emptying to the antrum and duodenum can be observed [16].…”

“…For the motor function, the intrinsic nervous system is more important than extrinsic innervation and motility is regulated by the Cajal's interstitial cells located within the myenteric plexus of the upper part of the greater curvature, which are thought to be the pacemaker of the gut motor function [1,10,11]. Distension of the antrum causes relaxation of the pylorus, facilitating the transport of gastric contents into the duodenum [11,14].…”

“…Distension of the antrum causes relaxation of the pylorus, facilitating the transport of gastric contents into the duodenum [11,14].…”

“…Recently, sleeve gastrectomy (SG) has been proposed as an option for surgical treatment of obesity. This operation involves a major gastric resection which could be associated with motor gastric dysfunction due to the resection of gastric pacemaker [10,11]. Therefore, gastric emptying could be affected, having an important role in the definitive results after this procedure.…”

Vagotomy upregulates expression of the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor NR2D subunit in the stomach

“…26,27 Gastrointestinal motility is regulated by the enteric nervous system, including the myenteric plexus, and a variety of factors, such as ghrelin, motilin, and nitrogen oxide, participate in its regulation. [28][29][30][31][32] Gastric motility disorders, accordingly, may be caused by enteric neural circuitry dysfunction. Little, however, is known about the implication of NMDA receptors in the pathogenesis underlying gastric motility disorders.…”