Gastric Spiral Bacilli in Captive Cheetahs

Eaton, Kathryn A.; Radin, M. Judith; Kramer, Lynn W.; Wack, Ray F.; Sherding, Robert G.; Krakowka, Steven; Morgan, D. R.

doi:10.3109/00365529109093206

Cited by 39 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 10 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The strain names, sources, and accession numbers for the organisms examined in this study are listed in Table 1. The isolation of Helicobacter species strains 90-119, 90-548, 90-736, and 90-1908 from gastric biopsies of four captive cheetahs (Acinonyx jubilatus) was previously described (6). Unless otherwise stated, all bacteria were grown on tryptic soy agar (BBL, Cockeysville, Md.)…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Helicobacter acinonyx sp. nov., Isolated from Cheetahs with Gastritis

Eaton

Dewhirst

Radin

et al. 1993

International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology

Self Cite

136

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Four strains of a novel Helicobacter species were isolated from the stomachs of cheetahs (Acinonyx jubihzhu) with gastritis. These isolates were phenotypically similar to Helicobacter pylon'. The isolates were gram-negative, spiral bacteria which grew under microaerophilic conditions at 37"C, but not at 25 or 42"C, and produced urease, catalase, oxidase, alkaline phosphatase, and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase. The isolates did not ferment glucose, mannitol, inositol, sorbitol, rhamnose, sucrose, melibiose, amygdalin, or arabinose; hydrolyze hippurate or indoxyl acetate; or reduce nitrate. They did not produce H,S from triple sugar iron agar, and they did not grow in the presence of 1.094~ glycine or 1.5% NaCI. They were resistant to nalidixic acid and sensitive to cephalothin and metronidazole. Cells were typically 0.3 by 2.0 pm and possessed tufls of two to five sheathed, monopolar flagella. The G+C content of strain 90-119 was 30 molVu. Cluster analysis of densitometry scans of polyacrylamide protein gels revealed more than 70% similarity of the cheetah isolates to H. pylon', less than 60% similarity to Helicobacterfeh, and less than 50% similarity to Helicobacter musteiize. Complete 16s rRNA sequences were determined for two of the cheetah isolates. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that the cheetah isolates were most closely related to H. pylon' (97.4% similarity), H. felis (96.1% similarity), and H. mustelk (93.4% similarity). On the basis of these findings, we propose that these isolates represents a novel species of Helicohcter, which we designate Helicobacter acinonyx. The type strain is 90-119 (CCUG 29263, ATCC 51101).The genus Helicobacter currently comprises seven species: Helicobacterpylori (25), H. mustelae (9-11, 14, 30), H. felis (21-23, 30), H. muridarum (24), H. cinaedi (8, 35, 36), H. fennelliae (8,35,36), and H. nemestrinae (2). Strains representing six additional Helicobacter species have been identified by rRNA-DNA hybridization (34) and 16s rRNA sequencing (5). These include three species isolated from bird feces (29); "Flaispira rappini," isolated from human and ovine sources (1, 4); CLO-3, isolated from humans (8, 35); 90-266-11, a strain isolated from ferret feces that differs from H. mustelae (13); and CCUG 29176, a strain isolated from human blood. Many of the Helicobacter species cause chronic gastritis in their natural hosts: H. pylon in humans (25), H. mustelae in ferrets (ll), and H. felis in dogs (23). H. felis also induces gastritis when inoculated into germfree mice and rats (12,21), as does H. pylon when given per 0s to germfree piglets and dogs (19,31). In this paper we describe a novel Helicobacter sp. based on four isolates from captive cheetahs with chronic gastritis. These isolates are biochemically and culturally similar to previously described Helicobacfer species but are clearly differentiated from known Helicobacter species by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis protein profile, G + C content, and 16s rRNA sequence. We propose that the orga...

show abstract

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Protein profiles. Protein profiles for the cheetah isolates and reference strains were determined by Coomassie blue staining of proteins separated on SDS-12% polyacrylamide gels (6). Densitometry scans of SDS gels were performed with an Ultroscan XL laser densitometer and analyzed with custom-designed software (26).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Helicobacter acinonyx sp. nov., Isolated from Cheetahs with Gastritis

Eaton

Dewhirst

Radin

et al. 1993

International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology

Self Cite

136

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Despite the previous identification of small numbers of coinfections in cheetahs (11), no coinfections were identified in this study either by electron microscopy or by denaturant gradient gel electrophoresis analysis of a 16S rRNA gene fragment. In addition to the strains identified in the current study, H. acinonychis was previously isolated from captive cheetahs at one facility (9,10).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 46%

“…In these cheetahs, a second nonculturable spiral bacterium morphologically similar to "H. heilmannii" was identified by electron microscopy in some cases (11). However, there was no difference between the severity of gastritis in cheetahs colonized with H. acinonychis, "H. heilmannii," or and coinfected animals.…”

mentioning

confidence: 81%

Comparison ofHelicobacterspp. in Cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus) with and without Gastritis

Terio¹,

Munson²,

Marker

et al. 2005

J Clin Microbiol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Chronic gastritis causes significant morbidity and mortality in captive cheetahs but is rare in wild cheetahs despite colonization by abundant spiral bacteria. This research aimed to identify the Helicobacter species that were associated with gastritis in captive cheetahs but are apparently commensal in wild cheetahs. Helicobacter species were characterized by PCR amplification and sequencing of the 16S rRNA, urease, and cagA genes and by transmission electron microscopy of frozen or formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded gastric samples from 33 cheetahs infected with Helicobacter organisms (10 wild without gastritis and 23 captive with gastritis). Samples were screened for mixed infections by denaturant gel gradient electrophoresis of the 16S rRNA gene and by transmission electron microscopy. There was no association between Helicobacter infection and the presence or severity of gastritis. Eight cheetahs had 16S rRNA sequences that were most similar (98 to 99%) to H. pylori. Twenty-five cheetahs had sequences that were most similar (97 to 99%) to "H. heilmannii" or H. felis. No cheetahs had mixed infections. The ultrastructural morphology of all bacteria was most consistent with "H. heilmannii," even when 16S rRNA sequences were H. pylori-like. The urease gene from H. pylori-like bacteria could not be amplified with primers for either "H. heilmannii" or H. pylori urease, suggesting that this bacteria is neither H. pylori nor "H. heilmannii." The cagA gene was not identified in any case. These findings question a direct role for Helicobacter infection in the pathogenesis of gastritis and support the premise that host factors account for the differences in disease between captive and wild cheetah populations.Since the initial isolation of Helicobacter pylori from humans and its association with gastritis and peptic ulceration (23), Helicobacter spp. have been isolated from an ever-expanding range of host species (38). While Helicobacter pylori infection in humans has been associated with chronic gastritis, peptic ulceration, gastric adenocarcinoma, and lymphoma (23,31,32), Helicobacter pathogenicity in many species is less clear.

show abstract

“…is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in captive cheetah populations. 5,[9][10][11]38,39,54 This reaction is unlike that seen in free-ranging cheetahs or other felid species (both domestic and zoo held) that usually only develop mild inflammatory lesions when infected with similar Helicobacter. 20,24,25,27,29,30,40,44,49,54,58 The lesions in cheetahs occur predominantly in the gastric fundus and are characterized by florid lymphocyte and plasma cell infiltrates, infiltration of glandular epithelium, parietal cell apoptosis and, in more chronic cases, may include gland hyperplasia, goblet cell metaplasia, fibrosis and/or atrophy.…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

Characterization of the Gastric Immune Response in Cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus) WithHelicobacter-Associated Gastritis

2011

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Captive cheetahs have an unusually severe progressive gastritis that is not present in wild cheetahs infected with the same strains of Helicobacter. This gastritis, when severe, has florid lymphocyte and plasma cell infiltrates in the epithelium and lamina propria with gland destruction, parietal cell loss, and, in some cases, lymphoid follicles. The local gastric immune response was characterized by immunohistochemistry in 21 cheetahs with varying degrees of gastritis. The character of the response was similar among types of gastritis except that cheetahs with severe gastritis had increased numbers (up to 70%) of lamina proprial CD79aþCD21-B cells. CD3þCD4þ T cells were present in the lamina propria, and CD3þCD8aþ T cells were within the glandular epithelium. Lymphoid aggregates had follicular differentiation with a central core of CD79aþ/CD45Rþ B cells and with an outer zone of CD3þ T cells that expressed both CD4 and CD8 antigens. MHC II antigens were diffusely expressed throughout the glandular and superficial epithelium. No cheetah had evidence of autoantibodies against the gastric mucosa when gastric samples from 30 cheetahs with different degrees of gastritis were incubated with autologous and heterologous serum. These findings indicate that T-cell distribution in cheetahs is qualitatively similar to that in other species infected with Helicobacter but that large numbers of lamina propria activated B cells and plasma cells did distinguish cheetahs with severe gastritis. Further research is needed to determine whether alterations in the Th1:Th2 balance are the cause of this more plasmacytic response in some cheetahs.

show abstract

Gastric Spiral Bacilli in Captive Cheetahs

Cited by 39 publications

References 10 publications

Helicobacter acinonyx sp. nov., Isolated from Cheetahs with Gastritis

Helicobacter acinonyx sp. nov., Isolated from Cheetahs with Gastritis

Comparison ofHelicobacterspp. in Cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus) with and without Gastritis

Characterization of the Gastric Immune Response in Cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus) WithHelicobacter-Associated Gastritis

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About