Gastro-Intestinal Function in Infants Consuming a Weaning Food Supplemented With Oligofructose, a Prebiotic

Saavedra, José M.; Tschernia, A.; Moore, Nancy; Abi-Hanna, Adel; Coletta, Frances; Emenhiser, Curt; Yolken, Robert H.

doi:10.1097/00005176-199910000-00121

Cited by 37 publications

(20 citation statements)

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“…Prospective studies have also shown that the incidence of acute diarrhoea can be decreased (Saavedra et al 1994;1999a,b). Interestingly however, the best documented effects in diarrhoeal disease both in animals and humans have been observed in cases of viral gastroenteritis (Duffy et al 1994;Saavedra et al 1999b). The supplementation with probiotics in infants with atopic dermatitis and cow's mild protein allergy has also shown positive outcomes (Pessi et al 2000;Majamaa & Isolauri, 1997).…”

Section: Probiotics and Immunological Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human studies with probiotics and prebiotics: clinical implications

2002

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Probiotic agents have been shown to have significant clinical beneficial effects in the prevention and management of gastrointestinal and non-gastrointestinal conditions. These observations have led to work demonstrating that an important mechanism of these agents is their close interaction with the gut associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) and suggested immunomodulatory effects on systemic immune response. Studies on the possibility that prebiotic agents might directly or indirectly induce similar immunomodulation have only recently begun. The preliminary findings of several recent human clinical trials reviewed in this article indicate that prebiotics may indeed prove to be a clinically beneficial dietary supplement, in the context of novel nutritional strategies for the management of gastrointestinal and systemic conditions.

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Section: Probiotics and Immunological Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human studies with probiotics and prebiotics: clinical implications

2002

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“…At present, the relevance of most observed properties has been confirmed in human dietary intervention studies. The prebiotic effect (Gibson & Roberfroid, 1995;Roberfroid et al 1998;Kruse et al 1999), as well as modulation of lipid metabolism (Williams, 1999), increased calcium absorption (Coudray et al 1997;Van den Heufel et al 1999), modulation of the immune system in young children (Saavedra et al 1999) and modulation of gut function (Den Hond et al 2000) are important physiological properties that may have significant health promoting impact in humans.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental evidences on the potential of prebiotic fructans to reduce the risk of colon cancer

Loo²,

et al. 2002

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Inulin is extracted from the chicory root. It is a set of fructans with its monomers (n=2–65) linked by means of β(2–1) bonds. This linkage cannot be hydrolysed by either pancreatic or by brush border digestive enzymes in the upper intestinal tract of humans. As such the carbohydrates arrive in the colon, where they are fermented by bifidobacteria and other lactic acid producing bacteria, thus enhancing their relative populations in the gut. Recent research in experimental animal models revealed that inulin has significant anticarcinogenic properties. It acts chemopreventively by reducing the incidence of azoxymethane (AOM) — induced aberrant crypt foci and tumours in the colon. These effects may be due to the stimulation of bifidobacteria, which themselves have been shown to act as antigenotoxic in the colon and to reduce AOM-induced tumours. Also fermentation products, including the short-chain fatty acid butyrate, could contribute to the protective effects. In this case a mechanism may be the induction of apoptosis of already transformed cells. The experimental evidence from animal studies and from studies elucidating potential mechanisms strongly supports the possibility that inulin will contribute to reducing risks for colon cancer in humans. In order to obtain more insight into this possibility, human dietary intervention studies relating biomarkers of reduced risk to inulin consumption are needed.

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“…Growth was similar in the supplemented and non-supplemented group. Episodes of emesis, regurgitation and perceived discomfort were lower in the supplemented children but there were no differences in flatulence or constipation (Saavedra et al 1999;Tschernia et al 1999;Saavedra & Tschernia, 2002).…”

Section: Toddlersmentioning

confidence: 76%

Application of prebiotics in infant foods

Veereman-Wauters

2005

Br J Nutr

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The rationale for supplementing an infant formula with prebiotics is to obtain a bifidogenic effect and the implied advantages of a 'breast-fed-like' flora. So far, the bifidogenic effect of oligofructose and inulin has been demonstrated in animals and in adults, of oligofructose in infants and toddlers and of a longchain inulin (10 %) and galactooligosaccharide (90 %) mixture in term and preterm infants. The addition of prebiotics to infant formula softens stools but other putative effects remain to be demonstrated. Studies published post marketing show that infants fed a long-chain inulin/galactooligosaccharide mixture (0·8 g/dl) in formula grow normally and have no side-effects. The addition of the same mixture at a concentration of 0·8 g/dl to infant formula was therefore recognized as safe by the European Commission in 2001 but follow-up studies were recommended. It is thought that a bifidogenic effect is beneficial for the infant host. The rising incidence in allergy during the first year of life may justify the attempts to modulate the infant's flora. Comfort issues should not be confused with morbidity and are likely to be multifactorial. The functional effects of prebiotics on infant health need further study in controlled intervention trials.Prebiotics: Infant food: Oligofructose: Galactooligosaccharides: Inulin: Bifidogenic Why breast is best Breast-feeding has been the ideal mode of feeding for the newborn infant. In addition to favouring an intimate bond between mother and child, breast-feeding protects against atopy (Gdalevich et al. 2001) and infections (Pettigrew et al. 2003). Human breast milk is a superior nutrient not only on philosophical grounds but also because its varying composition is particularly well adapted to the baby's needs. Mother's milk is a functional food 'par excellence': it contains semi-essential nutrients, free amino acids, enzymes, hormones, growth factors, polyamines, nucleotides and oligosaccharides. The later are present in concentrations of 10 -12 g/l in human milk and are thought to favour the growth of bifidobacteria that characterize the breast-fed baby's intestinal flora.It is well known that the type of feeding influences the installation of the intestinal flora after birth. During birth, oral inoculation with maternal intestinal and vaginal flora first causes colonization of the neonate's sterile gastrointestinal tract. Exclusively breast-fed infants harbor predominantly bifidobacteria, and low numbers of Escherichia coli and bacteroides. Formulafed infants harbor equal number of these various commensal bacteria (Harmsen et al. 2000).Bifidobacteria are fermentative and lower stool pH. A Bifidusdominated flora is considered protective for the host as it may activate the immune system and inhibit invading pathogens (Gibson & Roberfroid, 1995). Some evidence suggests that atopic infants harbor less bifidobacteria (Bjorksten et al. 2001). The immature intestinal barrier facilitates antigen transfer causing some degree of mucosal inflammation. Inflammation leads to in...

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Gastro-Intestinal Function in Infants Consuming a Weaning Food Supplemented With Oligofructose, a Prebiotic

Cited by 37 publications

References 0 publications

Human studies with probiotics and prebiotics: clinical implications

Human studies with probiotics and prebiotics: clinical implications

Experimental evidences on the potential of prebiotic fructans to reduce the risk of colon cancer

Application of prebiotics in infant foods

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