Gastrodin attenuates neuroinflammation in DOI‐induce Tourette syndrome in rats

Abstract

Objective: Tourette syndrome (TS) is a chronic neuropsychiatric disorder. Its clinical manifestations are involuntary and recurrent muscle twitch, resulting in motor twitch and occurrence twitch. Traditional Chinese medicine has obvious advantages in treating TS. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects and mechanism of gastrodin on 1-(2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodophenyl)-2-aminopropane (DOI)-induced TS in rats. Methods: TS model was induced by DOI. Behaviors in TS rats were detected. The striatum, serum inflammatory factors interleukin-6, interleukin-1β, and tumor necrosis factor-a were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Western blot technique was used to detect the expressions of TLR/NF-κB and TLR/MAPK signaling pathways in the striatum. Results: Gastrodin can significantly improve behavioral changes of TS rats induced by DOI, reduce inflammatory factors in serum and striatum in TS rats, and inhibit activation of TLR/NF-κB and TLR/MAPK signaling in striatum in TS rats. Conclusion: Gastrodin can significantly relieve the TS induced by DOI in rats. Its mechanism is related to the inhibition of striatal TLR/NF-κB and TLR/MAPK signaling activation. K E Y W O R D S gastrodin, inflammation, Tourette syndrome J Biochem Mol Toxicol. 2019;33:e22302.wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/jbt

Gastrodin Attenuates Tourette Syndrome by Regulating EAATs and NMDA Receptors in the Striatum of Rats

“…It has been reported that Gas has beneficial effects on many CNS diseases including TS. [23][24][25] Here, we found that Gas could ameliorate tic-like symptoms, including stereotypy score, nodding numbers, number of times to enter the central area and the total movement distance of the rats with TS induced by IDPN, which were consistent with previous research. 24,25 In the present study, we further elaborated the anti-tics effects of Gas on the rats with TS induced by IDPN and the potential mechanism.…”

“…Our findings are consistent with the results of previous studies showing that Gas and Tia have similar therapeutic effects on the behaviors of rats with TS. 24,25 Currently, an increasing number of studies have demonstrated that malfunction of CSTS circuits, which are involved in cognitive, sensorimotor, and emotional functions, may be related to the development of a variety of neuropsychiatric diseases, including TS. 34,35 Abnormal amino acid neurotransmitters, such as Glu and GABA, involved in the CSTS circuits, are closely associated with the occurrence of TS.…”

“…Numerous studies have shown that Gas possesses a broad range of pharmacological properties, including hypnotic, sedative, anti-tic, anti-vertigo, anxiolytic, anti-epileptic, antidepressant, and memoryimproving. [24][25][26][27] It has been reported that Gas has beneficial effects on many CNS diseases, including TS, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, epilepsy, affective disorders, cognitive impairment, and cerebral ischemia/reperfusion. [23][24][25] The mechanisms of Gas include modulating neurotransmitters, anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, suppressing microglial activation, upregulating neurotrophins, and regulating mitochondrial cascades.…”

“…[24][25][26][27] It has been reported that Gas has beneficial effects on many CNS diseases, including TS, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, epilepsy, affective disorders, cognitive impairment, and cerebral ischemia/reperfusion. [23][24][25] The mechanisms of Gas include modulating neurotransmitters, anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, suppressing microglial activation, upregulating neurotrophins, and regulating mitochondrial cascades. 23,28,29 Although there have been some animal studies on the effect of Gas treating TS, 24,25 few studies have demonstrated an association between the anti-tic effect of Gas and the functions of EAATs and NMDARs.…”

“…[23][24][25] The mechanisms of Gas include modulating neurotransmitters, anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, suppressing microglial activation, upregulating neurotrophins, and regulating mitochondrial cascades. 23,28,29 Although there have been some animal studies on the effect of Gas treating TS, 24,25 few studies have demonstrated an association between the anti-tic effect of Gas and the functions of EAATs and NMDARs. This study was designed to explore the underlying mechanism of Gas in treating TS based on the EAATs and NMDARs functions.…”