Gastroesophageal reflux with nasogastric tubes. Effect of nasogastric tube size.

Abstract

Pulmonary aspiration of gastric contents results initially from reflux of stomach contents into the esophagus. Small-bore enteral feeding tubes are thought to result in less pulmonary aspiration and less reflux. We prospectively investigated the effect of nasogastric tube size upon gastroesophageal (GE) reflux in normal volunteers in a randomized crossover trial. Reflux was assessed by gastroesophageal scintiscanning, a radioisotopic technique that detects and quantitates GE reflux. A total of 11 subjects were studied three times: control, no nasogastric tube, small-bore (8F) nasogastric tube, and large-bore (14F) nasogastric tube. Reflux was assessed in each subject under each experimental condition by provocative testing in which abdominal pressure was increased from 0 to 100 mm Hg by 20-mm Hg increments with an abdominal pressure device. GE reflux indices were calculated for each measurement and the groups compared. A positive indicator of reflux was defined as a > or = 4% reflux index. Gastroesophageal reflux was not detected at any level of abdominal pressure regardless of the presence or size of a nasogastric tube. With maximum 100 mm Hg abdominal pressure, the reflux index was control, 1.75 +/- 0.45%; small-bore tube, 1.67 +/- 0.28%; and large-bore tube, 1.88 +/- 0.35% (NS). The reflux index was not different between small-bore and large-bore nasogastric tubes. Our data suggest the size of a nasogastric tube is not an important determinant of GE reflux in normal subjects during short-term intubation. Large-bore tubes did not cause more reflux than small-bore tubes. The presence of a nasogastric tube did not cause reflux in normal subjects. These data suggest that factors other than the size of nasogastric tube are more important in GE reflux in normal subjects.

Predictors of Aspiration Pneumonia: How Important Is Dysphagia?

“…The lack of significant association between reflux and aspiration pneumonia is in disagreement with other studies that found a strong association between reflux and pneumonia [18,[35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42]. However, these studies suggest that GE reflux is most dangerous in persons who are in the intensive care unit or in postsurgical units, two groups that we did not recruit.…”

“…In fact, several studies of tube-fed patients who are taking no food or liquid by mouth have shown that tube feeding is associated with a higher rate of pneumonia than in patients who are eating [19,23,28,30,31,33,34]. A large body of literature has focused on the association between gastroesophageal reflux and aspiration [18,[35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42]. In clinical settings, ''aspiration precautions'' such as elevating the head of the bed are commonly carried out to prevent aspiration of refluxed material.…”

Nasogastric Tube Syndrome: The Unilateral Variant

“…A fourth possible mechanism would be a relationship between nasogastric tube syndrome and gastroesophageal reflux [9] due to decreased swallow reflex, decreased level of consciousness, supine position of the patient and presence of the tube across cardioesophageal junction.…”

Estenose esofágica por uso de sonda nasogástrica: reflexão sobre o uso indiscriminado

“…The treatment is based in esophageal dilations with aid of digestive endoscopy 3,10,14,22 . Was used Savary-Gilliard dilators, and surgical treatment was indicated for 61.5% of cases with satisfactory results, early and late.…”