Gastrointestinal Alterations in Protein-Calorie Malnutrition

Viteri, Fernando E.; Schneider, R.

doi:10.1016/s0025-7125(16)32085-5

Cited by 96 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…They explained their finding by a defect in receptive relaxation of the stomach due to visceral neuropathy secondary to malnutrition (Clarke and Alexander-Williams, 1973) as well as reduced ganglion plexuses in the intestine (Viteri and Schneider, 1974). These results are in disagreement with the present study, yet the studies showing reduced ganglion plexuses in the intestine did not discuss the intrinsic stomach innervations and thus should not be relied upon in explaining the delayed GET.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

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Ultrasonographic gastric emptying in protein energy malnutrition: effect of type of meal and nutritional recovery

et al. 2004

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Objective and Design: The earlier reports of disturbed gastric motility in protein energy malnutrition (PEM) point out to its possible contribution in the difficulties faced during nutritional rehabilitation. This study was thus designed to assess the ultrasonographic gastric emptying time (GET) using 20 ml/kg body weight of both liquid and semisolid meals, in 27 patients suffering from PEM as well as in 15 healthy matching infants to delineate any defect present, its degree in different types of PEM and the effect of nutritional rehabilitation. Patients: The patients were recruited from the in-patient department of Children's Hospital, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt. They were divided into three groups: 10 marasmic infants, 10 marasmic kwashiorkor (marasmic KWO) and seven kwashiorkor (KWO) cases. Ultrasonographic GET assessment was carried out within 72 h of admission and 3077 days after nutritional rehabilitation. Results: The gastric half-emptying time T(1/2) of both liquid and semisolid meals was markedly prolonged in patients with marasmus and marasmic KWO. It was more delayed for the semisolid than the liquid meals. This delay was reversible after nutritional rehabilitation of the patients, indicating that it was secondary to the malnourished status. On the other hand, T(1/2) of both liquid and semisolid meals showed no statistically significant delay in the KWO group and nutritional rehabilitation added no further to the results. Conclusion: PEM, especially marasmus and marasmic KWO, causes a delay in GET, which is reversible on nutritional recovery. This must be considered during nutritional rehabilitation of such patients to decrease the duration of their hospitalization and thus decrease the morbidity in PEM. Sponsorship: This study was supported by a university fund from

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…The stomach shows mucosal atrophy with decreased acid secretion (Adesola, 1968;Gracey et al, 1977). In addition, Viteri and Schneider (1974) had reported that gastric dilatation is frequently observed among children with PEM, suggesting that stomach motility is affected. Studies describing delayed GET in children with PEM are few.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrasonographic gastric emptying in protein energy malnutrition: effect of type of meal and nutritional recovery

et al. 2004

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“…The mucosa thickness decreased in G3 animals compared to G1 animals (p<0.05), which has also been observed in other studies (Viteri and Schneider 1974, Rodrigues et al 1985, Da CostaRibeiro et al 1987, Torrejais et al 1995, Natali et al 2000, Schoffen et al 2005, De Azevedo et al 2007, Hermes et al 2008. Conversely, the mucosa was less reduced in G4 (7.4%) than in G3 (13.5%) compared to well-nourished G1 animals (p<0.05), as illustrated in Figure 2.…”

Section: Probiotics Protect the Jejunum Of Malnourished Ratsupporting

confidence: 82%

Probiotics protect the intestinal wall of morphological changes caused by malnutrition

Azevedo

Hermes-Uliana

Lima

et al. 2014

An. Acad. Bras. Ciênc.

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This study sought to morphometrically analyze the jejunal wall of protein-malnourished rats administered a probiotic supplement. The sample consisted of recently weaned Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) distributed among four groups: animals given a commercial diet (G1, n = 4); animals given the same ration as G1 plus a probiotic supplement (G2, n = 4); animals given a 4% protein diet (G3, n = 4); and animals given the same ration as G3 plus a probiotic supplement (G4, n = 4). After 12 weeks, part of the jejunum was harvested and subjected to routine histological processing. Transverse sections with a thickness of 3 µm were stained with HE, and histochemical techniques were used to assay for glycoconjugates, including staining with periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) + diastase, Alcian Blue (AB) solution at pH 2.5, and Alcian Blue solution at pH 1.0. Morphometric analysis of the bowel wall showed that the probiotic culture used in this study induced hypertrophy of several layers of the jejunal wall in well-nourished animals and reduced the bowel wall atrophy usually observed in protein-malnourished animals. Neither malnutrition nor the use of probiotics altered the relationship between the number of goblet cells and the number of enterocytes.

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“…Therefore, it was verified that the mucosa thickness presented gain deficit in protein malnourished animals (G3) when compared to eutrophic ones (G1) that were not supplemented with probiotics (p<0.05). On the other hand, the supplementation with probiotics (G4) provided a protective effect to the mucosa; this damage is generally observed in protein malnourishment (Viteri and Schneider 1974, Rodrigues et al 1985, Torrejais et al 1995, Natali et al 2000, Schoffen et al 2005, De Azevedo et al 2007, Hermes et al 2008. It is important to point out that the eutrophic animals were also supplemented with probiotics (G2) and presented thicknening of the mucosa when compared to G1, corroborating the studies that describe the proliferative effect induced by these microorganisms (Dock et al 2004a, AguilarNascimento et al 2006, Ng et al 2009).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Probiotics prevent growth deficit of colon wall strata of malnourished rats post-lactation

Lima

Azevedo

Hermes-Uliana

et al. 2012

An. Acad. Bras. Ciênc.

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The objective of this study was to analyze morphometrically the colon wall strata of malnourished rats supplemented with probiotics. Sixteen recently weaned Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) were distributed into four groups: animals that received commercial chow (G1, n = 4); animals that received the same feed as G1 and were supplemented with probiotics (G2, n = 4); animals that received chow with 4% of proteins (G3, n = 4); animals that received the same feed as G3 and were supplemented with probiotics (G4, n = 4). After 12 weeks, the proximal colon was collected and submitted to histological processing. Three-µm cuts were stained with H.E., Periodic Acid Schifff (P.A.S.) + diasthasis solution and Alcian Blue (A.B.) pH 2.5 and pH 1.0. The morphometric analysis of the intestinal wall showed that the supplementation with ABT-4 probiotic culture prevents the growth deficit of colon wall strata that normally occurs in malnourished rats right after lactation. Besides, no alteration was observed in the proportion of the number of globet cells in relation to the number of enterocytes in malnourished rats, regardless of the supplementation with probiotics.

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Gastrointestinal Alterations in Protein-Calorie Malnutrition

Cited by 96 publications

References 60 publications

Ultrasonographic gastric emptying in protein energy malnutrition: effect of type of meal and nutritional recovery

Ultrasonographic gastric emptying in protein energy malnutrition: effect of type of meal and nutritional recovery

Probiotics protect the intestinal wall of morphological changes caused by malnutrition

Probiotics prevent growth deficit of colon wall strata of malnourished rats post-lactation

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