Gastrointestinal and Liver Complications in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus—A Review of the Literature

Abstract

The number of diabetes mellitus patients has increased over the last few years in developing countries, along with obesity and sedentary lifestyle. Besides macroangiopathy and microangiopathy, damage to the nerve fibers of the peripheral nervous system is the most common chronic complication of diabetes. Digestive complications in diabetic patients represent a consequence of diabetic autonomic neuropathy involving the gastrointestinal tract, but unfortunately not always evaluated by diabetologists. Aside from the complications encountered in the digestive tract, patients with diabetes mellitus are prone to developing liver diseases. This review will describe the prevalence of these complications, the modality of diagnosis, and therapeutical solutions in order to reduce the risk of progression of these complications in diabetic subjects.

Presence of concurrent derangements of liver function tests in type 2 diabetes: A retrospective observational study.

“…19 Studies have shown that diabetes result in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, cirrhosis and hepatic carcinoma. 20,21…”

Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease (MAFLD) and COVID-19 Infection: An Independent Predictor of Poor Disease Outcome?

“…All of these conditions have been proven to pose a risk for poor outcome of COVID-19 infection [ 17 , 18 ]. MAFLD is often regarded as a hepatic complication of diabetes and, in that sense, may contribute to the development of a more severe form of COVID-19 [ 19 ].…”

Effect of Tangshen formula on the remodeling of small intestine and colon in Zucker diabetic fatty rats

“…The residual strain was calculated from the morphometric data at no-load and zero stress state as equations [ 1 , 2 ]: Residual Green strain at the mucosal surface: E i =(( C i-n / C i-z )*( C i-n / C i-z )-1)/2 Residual Green strain at the serosal surface: E o =(( C o-n / C o-z )*( C o-n / C o-z )-1)/2 Where C is the circumference and the subscripts i, o, n and z refer to the inner (mucosal) surface, outer (serosal) surface, no-load state and zero-stress state respectively.…”

“…Gastrointestinal (GI) disorders is one of the most common diabetic complications [ 1 ]. The main symptoms include abdominal distension, satiety, diarrhea, constipation and fecal incontinence [ 2 ].…”