Gastrointestinal and Pancratohepatobiliary Cancers: A Comprehensive Review on Epidemiology and Risk Factors Worldwide

Abstract

A significant number of cancer cases are afflicted by gastrointestinal cancers annually. Lifestyle and nutrition have a huge effect on gastrointestinal function, and unhealthy habits have become quite widespread in recent decades, culminating in the rapid growth of gastrointestinal cancers. The most prevalent cancers are lip and mouth cancer, esophageal cancer, gastric cancer, liver and bile duct cancer, pancreatic cancer, and colorectal cancer. Risk factors such as red meat consumption, alcohol consumption, tea, rice, viruses such as Helicobacter pylori and Ebstein Bar Virus (EBV), along with reduced physical activity, predispose the gastrointestinal tract to damage and cause cancer. According to the rapid increase of cancer incidence and late diagnosis of gastrointestinal malignancies, further epidemiological researches remain necessary in order to make appropriate population-based preventive policies. In this study, we reviewed clinical symptoms, risk factors, preventative measures, as well as incidence and mortality rates of gastrointestinal malignancies worldwide with focus on Iranian population.

A prognostic signature of fatty acid metabolism‐related genes for predicting survival of gastric cancer patients

“…As one of the most prevalent malignancies worldwide, gastric cancer has still been a major public health problem over the past decade. [ 1 ] It has been estimated that there are approximately 8.52–9.68 newly diagnosed cases per 100,000 individuals and more than 0.3 million deaths owing to gastric cancer per year. [ 2,3 ] Although considerable progress has been made in cancer prevention and early detection, a high proportion of gastric cancer patients presented a locally advanced stage at the initial diagnosis, resulting in a poor prognosis.…”

Epigenetics and Field Cancerization the Caveats of Carcinogenesis and Recurrence of Gastrointestinal Malignancies – A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocol

“…Gastrointestinal malignancy including esophageal cancer, gastric cancer, colorectal cancer and hepatobiliary cancers constitute the most common neoplasms with increasing prevalence worldwide, which result into a dismal morbidity and high mortality rate portending a dramatic burden on the socioeconomic index especially in low and middle-income countries (1,2). Field cancerization imputes a cutting edge for precursor of tumorigenesis of several epithelial tumors including gastrointestinal malignancies; the nascence of cancerization eld is instigated by the caveats of epigenetic phenotype (3).…”