Gastrointestinal development of dairy calves fed low- or high-starch concentrate at two milk allowances

Abstract

The objective was to study the effect of type of concentrate with varying starch and fibre content on growth and gastrointestinal development in preweaned dairy calves. Thirty-two newborn Danish Holstein male calves were allocated to four treatment groups in eight blocks of four calves. An experimental low-starch, high-molasses, high-fibre (EXP) concentrate or a traditional high-starch (TRA) concentrate were fed either at a high (HIGH; 2 3 3.2 kg/day) or a low (LOW; 2 3 1.6 kg/day) whole milk allowance in a 2 3 2 factorial design. TRA contained 350 and EXP 107 g starch/kg dry matter (DM), whereas the NDF content was 136 and 296 g/kg DM, respectively. Metabolizable energy (ME) was 11.2 and 12.2 MJ ME/kg DM in EXP and TRA, respectively. All calves had free access to artificially dried grass hay (9.8 MJ ME/kg DM). Four calves were culled during the experiment. The calves were euthanized either at 38 (12 calves) or 56 days (16 calves) of age. Evaluated across both slaughter ages, there was no difference between TRA and EXP in concentrate and hay intake, rumen weight and papillation. EXP resulted in increased villi number in duodenum and jejunum compared with TRA. Concentrate intake and reticulo-rumen weight was higher for LOW compared with HIGH milk allowance, whereas live weight gain was 20% lower. The results show that a low-starch, high-molasses, high-fibre concentrate with 8% lower ME content tended to reduce daily gain compared with a traditional calf starter concentrate, but resulted in similar ruminal development in preweaned calves both on a high and a low milk allowance fed along with grass hay. Furthermore, the results suggest that the experimental concentrate stimulated intestinal villi growth over that of the traditional concentrate.

Yumurtacı Tavuklarda (Lohman Brown) in vivo Körbarsak Fermentasyonunda Sindirilebilir Çinko (II) Şelat Kompleksi ve Çinko (II) İle Zenginleştirilmiş Soya Fasulyesi Küspesi İlavesinin Seçilen Parametrelere Etkisi

“…The in vitro studies shown that using zinc as an organic chelate complex or as a preparation obtained via biosorption have a better influence on fermentation products in a hen's caecum than inorganic salts [20,21] . Our results confirm studies conducted by other authors who noted that micronutrients fed to hens as organic compounds have better digestibility than inorganic salts [37] .…”

“…Nonetheless, the influence of potential feed additives obtained with the biosorption on the processes occurring in the hens' caecum, which is of great importance to the health and productivity of the animals, is still not known. The studies conducted in vitro shows that feed additives obtained this way do not have a negative influence on fermentation processes occurring in the caecum of laying hens and should not have a negative influence on the animals' health [19][20][21] . In this study, we present the results of in vivo research on the fermentation process in the caecum of laying hens fed with the addition of zinc (II) brought in via the biosorption method, and compared it with the zinc (II) chelate complex.…”

Atlarda Metabolik Sendrom (EMS) Sancısında, Adipoz Dokuda ve Periferal Kanda IL-6 ve TNF-α nın Aktivitesi

“…Moreover, in the case of horses, prolonged and untreated obesity increases the risk of development of metabolic diseases such as equine metabolic syndrome (EMS), strongly associated with insulin resistance (IR), laminitis and hyperinsulinemia. Considering these facts, the obesity in horses leads to life-threatening conditions [3,5,29,30] . The obesity in horses is often neglected by the owners, and sometimes it is difficult to determine by the veterinary clinicians.…”

“…This issue is investigated on two main levels affecting the carbohydrate and lipid metabolism: genetic and environmental predisposition such as physical activity and nutrition/diet [1][2][3][4] .…”

Chondrogenic potential of canine articular cartilage derived cells (cACCs)

“…Observations were performed under inverted and epifluorescent microscope at magnification 100 × and 50 ×, respectively. For SEM observations, cultures were prepared as described previously [17,19]. Briefly, the procedure included (i) fixation in 2.5% glutaraldehyde in DMEM; (ii) washing using HBSS; (iii) dehydrated in a graded ethanol series (50% -100%); (iv) air-drying for 30 min at room temperature and (v) coating with gold using 300-second program (Edwards, Scancoat six).…”