Gastrointestinal disorders and intestinal bacteria: Advances in research and applications in therapy

Ohkusa, Toshifumi; Nishikawa, Yuriko; Sato, Nobuhiro

doi:10.3389/fmed.2022.935676

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 151 publications

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“…The hub archaeal ASVs classi ed as Methanobrevibacter genera in the M2 module play a role in the gut microbial ecosystem [130], contributing to the e cient digestion of polysaccharides by consuming the end products of bacterial fermentation [131] and being considered potential therapeutic targets for managing gastrointestinal disorders [132]. Anthelmintic treatment of adult ewes signi cantly impacted the archaeal community, resulting in increased relative abundances of different Methanobacteria [133].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-omics elucidated parasite-host-microbiota interactions and resistance to Haemonchus contortus in sheep

Niciura,

Cardoso,

Ibelli

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Background: The integration of molecular data from hosts, parasites, and microbiota can enhance our understanding of the complex biological interactions underlying parasite resistance. Haemonchus contortus, the predominant sheep parasite species in the tropics, results in significant production and economic losses, which are further compounded by the diminishing efficiency of chemical control measures due to anthelmintic resistance. Knowledge of how the host responds to infection and how the parasite, in combination with microbiota effects, modulates host immunity can guide selection decisions to breed more resistant animals. This understanding can also refine management practices and inform the development of new therapeutics for long-term helminth control. Results: Egg per gram (EPG) counts were obtained in Morada Nova sheep subjected to two artificial infections with H. contortus, and used as a proxy to select animals with high resistance or susceptibility. The GAST, GNLY, IL13, MGRN1, FGF14, and RORC genes and transcripts were differentially expressed between groups based on RNA-seq of the abomasum. From 50K SNP genotyping, EPG heritability estimate was 0.12, and a genome-wide association study (GWAS) identified regions on chromosomes 2 and 11 harboring candidate genes for resistance, immune response, body weight, and adaptation. Trans-eQTLs between significant variants and differentially expressed transcripts were found. Amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) from PCR amplification and sequencing of bacterial and archaeal 16S rRNA genes in sheep feces and rumen generated functional co-expression modules correlated with resistance to H. contortus, showing enrichment in pathways of response to bacterium, immune and inflammatory responses, and hub features of the Christensenellaceae, Bacteroides, and Methanobrevibacter genera, Prevotellaceae family, and Verrucomicrobiota. In RNA-seq of H. contortus, some mitochondrial, collagen- and cuticle-related genes were expressed only in parasites retrieved from susceptible sheep. Conclusions: This study identified chromosome regions, genes, transcripts, and pathways involved in the elaborate interactions between the sheep host, its gastrointestinal microbiota and the H. contortus parasite. These findings can assist with the development of animal selection strategies for parasite resistance and interdisciplinary approaches to control H. contortus in sheep.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-omics elucidated parasite-host-microbiota interactions and resistance to Haemonchus contortus in sheep

Niciura,

Cardoso,

Ibelli

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…Lactobacillaceae and Bifidobacteriaceae bacterial families, specifically the genera Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium , emerged as the prevailing taxa in these probiotic interventions. In prior investigations targeting the fecal microbiota of individuals with IBS, studies reported heightened and diminished Lactobacillus counts in IBS patients compared to healthy controls [ 11 , 45 ]. More studies are still needed to validate trends in Lactobacillus counts among IBS patients.…”

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness of Probiotic Use in Alleviating Symptoms of Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Systematic Review

Umeano,

Iftikhar,

Alhaddad

et al. 2024

Cureus

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Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common functional gastrointestinal (GI) condition, and changes in the gut microbiota's composition contribute to the development of symptoms. Although the precise mechanisms of probiotic use in the human body are not fully understood, probiotic supplements are believed to reduce symptoms, such as abdominal pain, by regulating neurotransmitters and receptors associated with pain modulation in IBS patients compared to placebo by altering the gut flora. This systematic review aimed to assess the most current randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on how probiotic supplementation affects the symptoms in people with IBS. The effects of probiotic supplements on IBS symptoms were studied in RCTs published between January 2018 and June 2023. After a search through PubMed and Google Scholar using the keywords probiotics, gut microbiota, irritable bowel syndrome, and IBS; eight articles matched the inclusion criteria and were reviewed. Four trials used a multistrain probiotic, whereas the remaining four trials examined the effects of a monostrain supplement. All eight trials came to the same conclusion: Probiotic treatment may significantly reduce symptoms.

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“…Such bacterial products are directed to the hepatic store, physiologically, through the portal vein, relating to pathogenesis from MAFLD. In this aspect, studies have shown that plasma LPS-binding proteins in patients with MAFLD are significantly increased [128][129][130].…”

Section: Brain-gut-liver Axismentioning

confidence: 99%

Underlying Mechanisms behind the Brain–Gut–Liver Axis and Metabolic-Associated Fatty Liver Disease (MAFLD): An Update

De Cól,

de Lima,

Pompeu

et al. 2024

IJMS

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Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) includes several metabolic dysfunctions caused by dysregulation in the brain–gut–liver axis and, consequently, increases cardiovascular risks and fatty liver dysfunction. In MAFLD, type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity, and metabolic syndrome are frequently present; these conditions are related to liver lipogenesis and systemic inflammation. This study aimed to review the connection between the brain–gut–liver axis and MAFLD. The inflammatory process, cellular alterations in hepatocytes and stellate cells, hypercaloric diet, and sedentarism aggravate the prognosis of patients with MAFLD. Thus, to understand the modulation of the physiopathology of MAFLD, it is necessary to include the organokines involved in this process (adipokines, myokines, osteokines, and hepatokines) and their clinical relevance to project future perspectives of this condition and bring to light new possibilities in therapeutic approaches. Adipokines are responsible for the activation of distinct cellular signaling in different tissues, such as insulin and pro-inflammatory cytokines, which is important for balancing substances to avoid MAFLD and its progression. Myokines improve the quantity and quality of adipose tissues, contributing to avoiding the development of MAFLD. Finally, hepatokines are decisive in improving or not improving the progression of this disease through the regulation of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory organokines.

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Gastrointestinal disorders and intestinal bacteria: Advances in research and applications in therapy

Cited by 7 publications

References 151 publications

Multi-omics elucidated parasite-host-microbiota interactions and resistance to Haemonchus contortus in sheep

Multi-omics elucidated parasite-host-microbiota interactions and resistance to Haemonchus contortus in sheep

Effectiveness of Probiotic Use in Alleviating Symptoms of Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Systematic Review

Underlying Mechanisms behind the Brain–Gut–Liver Axis and Metabolic-Associated Fatty Liver Disease (MAFLD): An Update

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