Gastrointestinal dysfunction in Parkinson's Disease

Jost, Wolfgang H.

doi:10.1016/j.jns.2009.08.020

Cited by 189 publications

(143 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…Dysphagia and or sialorrhea are both considered common digestive manifestations in PD (1,2,6,15,16,19,21,27) , but sialorrhea has seldom been related to dysphagia in PD patients (14,21) . These two digestive manifestations, in addition to causing discomfort and social embarrassment, can cause aspiration and pneumonia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among the primary diseases, neurological diseases are recognized as the most frequent causes of these problems. Considered as common digestive manifestations in Parkinson's disease (PD) (1,2,6,15,16,19,21,27) , dysphagia and/or sialorrhea are both naturally assumed to be dependent on PD when they are present in association with this neurological disease.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Its presence is associated with the severity of the disease (6) , although this association has been contested (21) . In theory, sialorrhea can result from excessive production or retention of saliva by dysphagia, or both (2,16,21,27) . Through a comparative scintigraphic study of PD patients with sialorrhea and healthy volunteers, the PD sialorrhea was identified as produced by retention of oral saliva (21) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dysphagia and Sialorrhea:

Nicaretta¹,

Rosso

Mattos

et al. 2013

Arq. Gastroenterol.

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-Context -Dysphagia and sialorrhea in patients with Parkinson's disease are both automatically accepted as dependent on this neurological disease. Objective -The aim were to establish if these two complaints are a consequence or associated manifestations of Parkinson's disease. Method -Two Parkinson's diseases groups from the same outpatients' population were studied. Patients in the first group, with dysphagia, were studied by videofluoroscopy. The second, with sialorrhea, were studied by the scintigraphic method, Results -Videofluoroscopic examination of the oral, pharyngeal and esophageal phases of swallowing showed that 94% of Parkinson's diseases patients present, structural causes, not related to Parkinson's diseases, able to produce or intensify the observed disphagia. The scintigraphic examination of Parkinson's diseases patients with sialorrhea showed that there is no increase of serous saliva production. Nevertheless, showed a significantly higher velocity of saliva excretion in the Parkinson's diseases patients.Conclusions -Dysphagia can be due to the muscular rigidity often present in the Parkinson's diseases patient, or more usually by non Parkinson's disease associated causes. In Parkinson's diseases patients, sialorrhea is produced by saliva retention. Nevertheless, sialorrhea can produce discomfort in swallowing, although without a formal complaint of dysphagia. In this case, subclinical dysphagia must be considered. Sialorrhea is indicative of dysphagia or at least of subclinical dysphagia. As final conclusion, Parkinson's diseases can be an isolated cause of dysphagia and/or sialorrhea, but frequently, a factor unrelated to Parkinson's diseases is the main cause of or at least aggravates the dysphagia.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dysphagia and Sialorrhea:

Nicaretta¹,

Rosso

Mattos

et al. 2013

Arq. Gastroenterol.

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“…82 Abnormal gastric emptying can affect motor symptom control adversely by leading to unpredictable fluctuations in the levels of dopaminergic drugs. 83 Lesions similar to the ones observed in the brain have been identified in the submucosal plexus of the enteric nervous system on routine colonic biopsies of PD patients. 84 In addition to the fact that constipation is associated with future risk of PD and with incidental Lewy bodies in the locus ceruleus or substantia nigra, constipation is associated with low substantia nigra neuron density even in people without PD independent of the presence of incidental Lewy bodies (suggesting a pre-diagnostic stage of PD).…”

Section: Gastroenterologymentioning

confidence: 76%

“…85 The most likely causes of constipation and gastric emptying problems in PD are degenerations of the dorsal vagal nucleus and the intramural plexus of the whole intestine, which probably develop prior to the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra. 83 95 A preliminary study showed potential benefit from mosapride on shortening gastric emptying half-time with a concomitant decrease in motor response fluctuations.…”

Section: Gastroenterologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-motor Symptoms in Parkinson’s Disease

Uç¹,

Tippin²,

Chou³

et al. 2011

US Neurology

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In addition to typical motor dysfunction (parkinsonism), diverse non-motor symptoms (NMS) are frequently observed in patients with Parkinsons disease (PD). Some NMS may antedate the diagnosis of PD. Examples of NMS include cognitive impairment, autonomic dysfunction, visual dysfunction, sleep abnormalities, and psychiatric disorders. NMS are associated with wide-ranging abnormalities in extranigral dopaminergic systems and non-dopaminergic (e.g. cholinergic, noradrenergic, serotoninergic) systems. The type and severity of NMS vary based on age, disease severity, and predominant motor symptoms. NMS can be disabling and reduce quality of life. Treatment of NMS can be challenging. Some NMS are helped by dopaminergic treatment, whereas others can be induced or exacerbated by treatments that help the motor dysfunction. Physicians should probe their PD patients about their NMS and address them for better care. Clinical trials should incorporate NMS as outcomes for more meaningful conclusions on the effect of treatments under investigation.

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The effect of electroacupuncture at ST25 on Parkinson's disease constipation through regulation of autophagy in the enteric nervous system

Song

et al. 2023

The Anatomical Record

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The effectiveness and safety of electroacupuncture (EA) for constipation have been confirmed by numerous clinical studies and experiments, and there are also studies on the efficacy of EA for Parkinson's disease (PD) motor symptoms. However, there are few researches on EA for PD constipation. Autophagy is thought to be involved in the mechanistic process of EA in the central nervous system (CNS) intervention in Parkinson's pathology. However, whether it has the same effect on the enteric nervous system (ENS) has not been elucidated. Therefore, we investigated whether EA at Tianshu (ST25) acupoint promotes the clearance of α‐Syn and damaged mitochondria aggregated in the ENS in a model of rotenone‐induced PD constipation. This study evaluated constipation symptoms by stool characteristics, excretion volume, and water content, and the expression levels of colonic ATG5, LC3II, and Parkin were detected by Western Blot (WB) and Real‐Time Quantitative PCR (RT‐qPCR). The relationship between the location of α‐Syn and Parkin in the colonic ENS was observed by immunofluorescence (IF). The results showed that EA intervention significantly relieved the symptoms of rotenone‐induced constipation in PD rats, reversed the rotenone‐induced down‐regulation of colonic ATG5, LC3II, and Parkin expression, and the positional relationship between colonic α‐Syn and Parkin proved to be highly correlated. It is suggested that EA might be helpful in treating PD constipation by modulating Parkin‐induced mitochondrial autophagy.

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Gastrointestinal dysfunction in Parkinson's Disease

Cited by 189 publications

References 71 publications

Dysphagia and Sialorrhea:

Dysphagia and Sialorrhea:

Non-motor Symptoms in Parkinson’s Disease

The effect of electroacupuncture at ST25 on Parkinson's disease constipation through regulation of autophagy in the enteric nervous system

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