Gastrointestinal Heat Sink

Goulet, Eric; Flore, Adrien De La; Gosselin, Jonathan

doi:10.1249/01.mss.0000536201.31087.64

Cited by 2 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…Studies in endurance athletes support ingestion of 1.2-1.4 g/kg fatfree mass (FFM) glycerol in the 90-to 180-min pre-event, in conjunction with ∼25 ml/kg FFM fluid (Goulet et al, 2018;van Rosendal et al, 2010). The combination of glycerol (1.4 g/kg FFM) and sodium (3.0 g/L) in ∼25 ml/kg FFM water may be more effective than either osmolyte alone (Goulet et al, 2018), and such protocols can achieve an additional fluid retention of~1,300 ml for a 70-kg athlete (Goulet et al, 2018), for up to 4-hr postingestion (Montner et al, 1996;Wingo et al, 2004). The translation into a performance benefit is unclear (Goulet et al, 2007) and may be dependent on ambient conditions and the characteristics of the exercise bout.…”

Section: Preexercise Fluid and Electrolyte Intakementioning

confidence: 99%

Sports Dietitians Australia Position Statement: Nutrition for Exercise in Hot Environments

McCubbin

Allanson²,

Caldwell

et al. 2020

International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism

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It is the position of Sports Dietitians Australia (SDA) that exercise in hot and/or humid environments, or with significant clothing and/or equipment that prevents body heat loss (i.e., exertional heat stress), provides significant challenges to an athlete’s nutritional status, health, and performance. Exertional heat stress, especially when prolonged, can perturb thermoregulatory, cardiovascular, and gastrointestinal systems. Heat acclimation or acclimatization provides beneficial adaptations and should be undertaken where possible. Athletes should aim to begin exercise euhydrated. Furthermore, preexercise hyperhydration may be desirable in some scenarios and can be achieved through acute sodium or glycerol loading protocols. The assessment of fluid balance during exercise, together with gastrointestinal tolerance to fluid intake, and the appropriateness of thirst responses provide valuable information to inform fluid replacement strategies that should be integrated with event fuel requirements. Such strategies should also consider fluid availability and opportunities to drink, to prevent significant under- or overconsumption during exercise. Postexercise beverage choices can be influenced by the required timeframe for return to euhydration and co-ingestion of meals and snacks. Ingested beverage temperature can influence core temperature, with cold/icy beverages of potential use before and during exertional heat stress, while use of menthol can alter thermal sensation. Practical challenges in supporting athletes in teams and traveling for competition require careful planning. Finally, specific athletic population groups have unique nutritional needs in the context of exertional heat stress (i.e., youth, endurance/ultra-endurance athletes, and para-sport athletes), and specific adjustments to nutrition strategies should be made for these population groups.

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Section: Preexercise Fluid and Electrolyte Intakementioning

confidence: 99%

Sports Dietitians Australia Position Statement: Nutrition for Exercise in Hot Environments

McCubbin

Allanson²,

Caldwell

et al. 2020

International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism

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“…A total of 19 recreationally active individuals (n = 10, Deakin University; n = 9, Western Sydney University) volunteered (13 males and six females; age = 28.3 ± 4.9 years) and completed the study. An a priori sample size (n = 12; power of 0.8, and alpha of .05) was estimated using fluid retention data obtained from Goulet et al (2018) and the statistical freeware G*Power (version 3.1;Faul et al, 2009). All participants were informed verbally and in writing as to the nature and risks associated with the study, submitted to health screening, and gave their written informed consent.…”

Section: Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In compromising thermoregulatory environments, preexercise hyperhydration has been shown to attenuate the onset of cardiovascular-related complications associated with prolonged exercise in the heat when compared with euhydration (Goulet et al, 2006). Such practices often involve the ingestion of approximately 25-30 ml/kg BM fluid around 2-3 hr prior to an event (Goulet et al, 2018;Savoie et al, 2016), allowing time for the large amount of fluid to accumulate in the plasma while excess fluid is excreted in the urine. The ingestion of water alone is relatively ineffective as a hyperhydration strategy as most of the additional fluid is lost as urine (Goulet et al, 2018).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such practices often involve the ingestion of approximately 25-30 ml/kg BM fluid around 2-3 hr prior to an event (Goulet et al, 2018;Savoie et al, 2016), allowing time for the large amount of fluid to accumulate in the plasma while excess fluid is excreted in the urine. The ingestion of water alone is relatively ineffective as a hyperhydration strategy as most of the additional fluid is lost as urine (Goulet et al, 2018). However, the addition of ingredients with an osmotic load can enhance water retention by simultaneously increasing plasma osmolality and plasma volume (PV; plasma hypervolemia) and has been shown to reduce urine production (Goulet et al, 2018;Savoie et al, 2016).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ingestion of water alone is relatively ineffective as a hyperhydration strategy as most of the additional fluid is lost as urine (Goulet et al, 2018). However, the addition of ingredients with an osmotic load can enhance water retention by simultaneously increasing plasma osmolality and plasma volume (PV; plasma hypervolemia) and has been shown to reduce urine production (Goulet et al, 2018;Savoie et al, 2016). Traditionally, agents such as glycerol and sodium have been used either in isolation or combination to promote a hyperhydrated condition.…”

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confidence: 99%

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The Hyperhydration Potential of Sodium Bicarbonate and Sodium Citrate

Siegler

Carr

Jardine

et al. 2022

International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism

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Buffering agents have not been comprehensively profiled in terms of their capacity to influence water retention prior to exercise. The purpose of this investigation was to profile the fluid retention characteristics of sodium bicarbonate (BIC) and sodium citrate (CIT) to determine the efficacy of these buffering mediums as hyperhydrating agents. Nineteen volunteers (13 males and six females; age = 28.3 ± 4.9 years) completed three trials (randomized and cross-over design). For each trial, a baseline measurement of body mass, capillary blood, and urine was collected prior to ingestion of their respective condition (control condition [CON] = 25 ml/kg artificially sweetened water; BIC condition = CON + 7.5 g/L of sodium in the form of BIC; CIT condition = CON + 7.5 g/L of sodium in the form of CIT). The fluid loads were consumed in four equal aliquots (0, 20, 40 and 60 min; fluid intake was 1.972 ± 361 ml [CON]; 1.977 ± 360 ml [BIC]; 1.953 ± 352 ml [CIT]). Samples were recorded at 20 (body mass and urine) and 60 min (blood) intervals for 180 min. Blood buffering capacity (HCO3−) was elevated (p < .001) in both BIC (32.1 ± 2.2 mmol/L) and CIT (28.9 ± 3.8 mmol/L) at 180 min compared with CON (25.1 ± 1.8 mmol/L). Plasma volume expansion was greater (p < .001) in both BIC (8.1 ± 1.3%) and CIT (5.9 ± 1.8%) compared with CON (−1.1 ± 1.4%); whereas, total urine production was lower in BIC and CIT at 180 min (BIC vs. CON, mean difference of 370 ± 85 ml; p < .001; CIT vs. CON, mean difference of 239 ± 102 ml; p = .05). There were no increases observed in body mass (p = .9). Under resting conditions, these data suggest BIC and CIT induce a greater plasma hypervolemic response as compared with water alone.

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Gastrointestinal Heat Sink

Cited by 2 publications

References 0 publications

Sports Dietitians Australia Position Statement: Nutrition for Exercise in Hot Environments

Sports Dietitians Australia Position Statement: Nutrition for Exercise in Hot Environments

The Hyperhydration Potential of Sodium Bicarbonate and Sodium Citrate

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