Gastrointestinal Helminth Communities of Bobwhite Quail

Moore, Janice; Simberloff, Daniel

doi:10.2307/1940273

Cited by 48 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 98 publications

(124 reference statements)

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“…41,65,70,87). In parasite ecology (93,94) as well as in ecology in general (102), there have been calls for observed patterns of species associations to be tested against truly adequate null models.…”

Section: Richness Of Infracommunitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Species Richness of Parasite Assemblages: Evolution and Patterns

Poulin

1997

Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst.

3,238

217

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Parasite communities are arranged into hierarchical levels of organization, covering various spatial and temporal scales. These range from all parasites within an individual host to all parasites exploiting a host species across its geographic range. This arrangement provides an opportunity for the study of patterns and structuring processes operating at different scales. Across the parasite faunas of various host species, several species-area relationships have been published, emphasizing the key role of factors such as host size or host geographical range in determining parasite species richness. When corrections are made for unequal sampling effort or phylogenetic influences, however, the strength of these relationships is greatly reduced, casting a doubt over their validity. Component parasite communities, or the parasites found in a host population, are subsets of the parasite fauna of the host species. They often form saturated communities, such that their richness is not always a reflection of that of the entire parasite fauna. The species richness of component communities is instead influenced by the local availability of parasite species and their probability of colonization. At the lowest level, infracommunities in individual hosts are subsets of the species occurring in the component community. Generally, their structure does not differ from that expected from a random assembly of available species, although comparisons with precise null models are still few. Overall studies of parasite communities suggest that the action of processes determining species richness of parasite assemblages becomes less detectable as focus shifts from parasite faunas to infracommunities.

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Section: Richness Of Infracommunitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Species Richness of Parasite Assemblages: Evolution and Patterns

Poulin

1997

Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst.

3,238

217

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“…In our case, this might apply if the habitat choice of an individual worm is affected by other worms in the same gut (e.g. Holmes 1986, Moore andSimberloff 1990). We tested whether worm distribution was intensity-dependent by fitting logistic regressions in which the proportion of male or female worms in the caeca was the response variable and infection intensity was the predictor variable.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sexual segregation of Echinorhynchus borealis von Linstow, 1901 (Acanthocephala) in the gut of burbot (Lota lota Linnaeus)

Tuomainen

Valtonen

Benesh

2015

Folia Parasitologica

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Abstract:Helminths often occupy defined niches in the gut of their definitive hosts. In the dioecious acanthocephalans, adult males and females usually have similar gut distributions, but sexual site segregation has been reported in at least some species. We studied the intestinal distribution of the acanthocephalan Echinorhynchus borealis von Linstow, 1901 (syn. of E. cinctulus Porta, 1905 in its definitive host, burbot (Lota lota Linnaeus). Over 80% of female worms were found in the pyloric caeca, whereas the majority of males were in the anterior two-thirds of the intestine. This difference was relatively consistent between individual fish hosts. Worms from different parts of the gut did not differ in length, so site segregation was not obviously related to worm growth or age. We found proportionally more males in the caeca when a larger fraction of the females were found there, suggesting mating opportunities influence gut distribution. However, this result relied on a single parasite infrapopulation and is thus tentative. We discuss how mating strategies and/or sexual differences in life history might explain why males and females occupy different parts of the burbot gut.

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“…The distribution of A. simplex across digestive chambers was described by calculating the percentage of L3s, L4s, subadults, and adults in each digestive compartment, both at component population and infrapopulation levels. In addition, we scored each worm according to its site of infection by assigning 1, 2, 3, and 4 to the location in the fore-, main, and pyloric stomach and duodenal ampulla, respectively (Moore and Simberloff, 1990), to establish the location of the mean, anterior, and posterior worm of each development stage in each infrapopulation. To determine whether the distribution range of each development stage in the stomach expanded with increased infrapopulation size, we carried out Spearman's correlation tests relating habitat range of each development stage, i.e., location of posterior worm minus location of anterior worm, with total intensity.…”

Section: Habitat Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Population Structure of Anisakis Simplex (Nematoda) in Harbor Porpoises Phocoena Phocoena Off Denmark

Herreras¹,

Balbuena²,

Aznar³

et al. 2004

Journal of Parasitology

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The population structure and habitat selection of Anisakis simplex in 35 harbor porpoises off Denmark are described. The nematodes were collected from the stomach and duodenal ampulla and were categorized as third-stage larvae, fourth-stage larvae, subadults, and adults. The porpoises harbored 8,043 specimens of A. simplex. The proportion of adults and subadults increased with infrapopulation size. The number of development stages across infrapopulations covaried significantly (Kendall's test of concordance). Concordance was higher in hosts with the highest intensities than in those with low and medium intensities. All stages occurred mainly in the forestomach, but this trend was stronger for the adults. Adult and subadult sex ratios did not depart significantly from 1:1. Our data suggested that recruitment and duration of each stage were the main factors accounting for infrapopulation structure. The preference of A. simplex for the forestomach conformed with previous studies, but the narrower distribution of adults relative to other stages might indicate a strategy to enhance mating opportunities. Information on sex ratios of A. simplex is scarce and contradictory. We suggest that the discrepancies might partly reflect differences in categorization criteria and statistical methods.The occurrence of third-stage larvae (L3) of anisakid nematodes in the fillets of commercial fish entails well-known public health concerns and economic repercussions (Burt, 1994;Smith, 1999). Consequently, the population ecology of anisakid nematodes has received more attention than that of any other parasite of marine mammals. Most population studies of anisakids have focused on describing the population structure and dynamics of the sealworm, Pseudoterranova decipiens, and other species common in seals (see Bowen 1990; Desportes and McClelland 2001, and references therein for examples) and have produced valuable data on the life history and population ecology of these nematode species.As for the whaleworm, Anisakis simplex, most population studies have focused on its intermediate and paratenic hosts (Brattey and Bishop, 1992;Herreras et al., 2000;Podolska and Harbowy, 2003), whereas its population biology in the definitive hosts has been less studied. Most information on the definitive hosts concerns the harbor porpoise, Phocoena phocoena, a small odontocete common in the Northern Hemisphere (Smith, 1989;Brattey and Stenson, 1995;Herreras et al., 1997). The data on the population structure of A. simplex in this cetacean are based on small sample sizes (Young, 1972;Smith, 1989) or lack details of the infrapopulation structure (Lick, 1991;Brattey and Stenson, 1995). These 2 shortcomings are also common in studies of this nematode in other cetacean species (e.g., Wazura et al., 1986;Raga and Balbuena, 1993). Moreover, little is known about habitat selection by A. simplex in the definitive hosts. To our knowledge, there are only 2 studies providing such information (Brattey and Stenson, 1995;Aznar et al., 2003), and only the ...

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Gastrointestinal Helminth Communities of Bobwhite Quail

Cited by 48 publications

References 98 publications

Species Richness of Parasite Assemblages: Evolution and Patterns

Species Richness of Parasite Assemblages: Evolution and Patterns

Sexual segregation of Echinorhynchus borealis von Linstow, 1901 (Acanthocephala) in the gut of burbot (Lota lota Linnaeus)

Population Structure of Anisakis Simplex (Nematoda) in Harbor Porpoises Phocoena Phocoena Off Denmark

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