Gastrointestinal hormones in short bowel syndrome. Peptide YY may be the 'colonic brake' to gastric emptying.

Nightingale, J. M. D.; Kamm, Michael A.; Sijp, Joost R.M. van der; Ghatei, M. A.; Bloom, Stephen R.; Lennard‐Jones, J. E.

doi:10.1136/gut.39.2.267

Cited by 170 publications

(138 citation statements)

References 48 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

126

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Gastric emptying and small bowel transit of liquid is fast in patients with a jejunostomy and normal in patients with a retained colon, probably due to circulating plasma levels of peptide YY being low and high respectively [40] (Figure 2). Peptide YY is an enteric hormone produced by the L cells in the terminal ileum and colon upon exposure to luminal nutrients, it slows gastric emptying and gastrointestinal transit [41] .…”

Section: Gastro-intestinal Motilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Median peptide YY levels with interquartile range for 6 jejunumcolon patients, 7 jejunostomy patients and 12 normal subjects after a pancake and orange juice meal (40). GLP-2 levels mirror this pattern (65,69).…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Functional adaptation with slowing of gastric emptying and small bowel transit may occur [31] and may be due to high circulating peptide YY levels [40] . In these patients there is a small reduction in faecal weight in the 3 months following the small bowel resection [16] .…”

Section: Jejunum-colonmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In man some cases of long-term survival in patients with a short bowel has been attributed to their previous gastric surgery [43][44][45] . High circulating gastrin levels are observed [40,46,47] and may be due to less small bowel being available to catabolizegastrin [48,49] . Gastric acid hypersecretion could increase the incidence of peptic ulceration [50] ; impair nutrient absorption by causing bile salt precipitation [51] ; reduced pancreatic enzyme function and increased jejunal motility.…”

Section: Gastrointestinal Secretionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Management of patients with a short bowel

Nightingale

1999

Nutrition

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Section: Gastro-intestinal Motilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Jejunum-colonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Gastrointestinal Secretionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Management of patients with a short bowel

Nightingale

1999

Nutrition

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…Internal regulation of gut digestive processes occurs through neuro-endocrine loops between different regions. A classic example is the gastro-colic reflex, but much more intricate feedback occurs between regions of the gut (Cooke and Reddix, 1994;Nightingale et al, 1996;Camilleri, 2006). Furthermore, as already indicated in the discussion of energy values of food, 'digestibility is defined as the proportion of combustible energy that is absorbed over the entire length of the gastrointestinal tract'.…”

Section: Digestibility Conceptsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiological aspects of energy metabolism and gastrointestinal effects of carbohydrates

2007

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The energy values of carbohydrates continue to be debated. This is because of the use of different energy systems, for example, combustible, digestible, metabolizable, and so on. Furthermore, ingested macronutrients may not be fully available to tissues, and the tissues themselves may not be able fully to oxidize substrates made available to them. Therefore, for certain carbohydrates, the discrepancies between combustible energy (cEI), digestible energy (DE), metabolizable energy (ME) and net metabolizable energy (NME) may be considerable. Three food energy systems are in use in food tables and for food labelling in different world regions based on selective interpretation of the digestive physiology and metabolism of food carbohydrates. This is clearly unsatisfactory and confusing to the consumer. While it has been suggested that an enormous amount of work would have to be undertaken to change the current ME system into an NME system, the additional changes may not be as great as anticipated. In experimental work, carbohydrate is high in the macronutrient hierarchy of satiation. However, studies of eating behaviour indicate that it does not unconditionally depend on the oxidation of one nutrient, and argue against the operation of a simple carbohydrate oxidation or storage model of feeding behaviour to the exclusion of other macronutrients. The site, rate and extent of carbohydrate digestion in, and absorption from the gut are key to understanding the many roles of carbohydrate, although the concept of digestibility has different meanings. Within the nutrition community, the characteristic patterns of digestion that occur in the small (upper) vs large (lower) bowel are known to impact in contrasting ways on metabolism, while in the discussion of the energy value of foods, digestibility is defined as the proportion of combustible energy that is absorbed over the entire length of the gastrointestinal tract. Carbohydrates that reach the large bowel are fermented to short-chain fatty acids. The exact amounts and types of carbohydrate that reach the caecum are unknown, but are probably between 20 and 40 g/day in countries with 'westernized' diets, whereas they may reach 50 g/day where traditional staples are largely cereal or diets are high in fruit and vegetables. Non-starch polysaccharides clearly affect bowel habit and so, to a lesser extent, does resistant starch. However, the short-chain carbohydrates, which are also found in breast milk, have little if any laxative role, although do effect the balance of the flora. This latter property has led to the term 'prebiotic', which is defined as the capacity to increase selectively the numbers of bifidobacteria and lactobacilli without growth of other genera. This now well-established physiological property has not so far led through to clear health benefits, but current studies are focused on their potential to prevent diarrhoeal illnesses, improve well-being and immunomodulation, particularly in atopic children and on increased calcium absorption.

show abstract

Short Bowel

Nightingale¹

2006

Clinical Dilemmas in Inflammatory Bowel Disease

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Gastrointestinal hormones in short bowel syndrome. Peptide YY may be the 'colonic brake' to gastric emptying.

Abstract: Background-Short bowel patients with a

Cited by 170 publications

References 48 publications

Management of patients with a short bowel

Management of patients with a short bowel

Physiological aspects of energy metabolism and gastrointestinal effects of carbohydrates

Short Bowel

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About