Gastrointestinal morphology, fatty acid profile, and production performance of broiler chickens fed camelina meal or fish oil

Abstract

Gastrointestinal morphology, fatty acid profile, and production performance of broiler chickens fed camelina meal (CAM) or fish oil were investigated. One hundred and twenty eight 1‐day‐old Cobb chicks were randomly assigned to one of four treatments. Each treatment was replicated four times with eight chicks (n = 8). The experimental diets were: corn–soybean meal‐based with 3.2% corn oil (control), control + 10% CAM, 10% camelina meal + 3.2% fish oil (CAM + FISH), and 3.2% fish oil (FISH). Villous height (VH) was lowest in the jejunum of FISH and CAM + FISH (p<0.04). Crypt depth (CD) was lowest in the jejunum of Control and CAM (p<0.002). Villous perimeter was higher in control and CAM when compared to CAM + FISH and FISH (p = 0.02). The VH:CD followed the order of control > CAM > CAM + FISH = FISH (p<0.0001). No difference was observed in villus width, surface area, and muscularis thickness. Total omega‐6 fatty acids were higher in the duodenum of control and CAM than FISH and CAM + FISH diets (p<0.0001). Long chain (>20‐C) omega‐3 fatty acids were higher in CAM + FISH and FISH (p<0.0001). No significant differences were detected in the total saturated and total monounsaturated fatty acid content in the duodenum (p>0.05). Weight gain varied significantly and was lowest for CAM + FISH and FISH diets at Day 21 and 42 (p = 0.01). There were no differences in feed intake between control and CAM diets. However, inclusion of fish oil reduced feed consumption (p = 0.019). Feeding camelina meal increased jejunal villus height, villus height: crypt depth and n‐3 fatty acid incorporation in the duodenum when compared to fish oil in broiler diets. Feeding fish oil led to reduction in 42 day body weight.

The interactive effect of dietary n-6: n-3 fatty acid ratio and vitamin E level on tissue lipid peroxidation, DNA damage in intestinal epithelial cells, and gut morphology in chickens of different ages

“…In our study, LR diets reduced CD in the duodenum and VA in the jejunum in 17-day-old chickens, and decreased jejunal MT and VH in 43-day-old birds. This effect of LR diets on gut integrity is consistent with the findings of other researchers (Aziza et al., 2014 ), and is possibly caused by the negative activity of n-3 FA on epithelial cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis (Calviello et al., 1999 ; Perin et al., 1999 ). Nevertheless, our findings suggest that the response of chickens to a dietary challenge in regard to gut integrity is different in younger than older birds.…”

“…Previously, it was reported in chickens that membrane lipids of intestinal epithelial cells were the major components modified by dietary FA (Aziza et al., 2014 ). Consequently, gut physiology depends on the dietary LC-PUFA and their oxidative potential.…”

Black soldier fly larvae oil as an alternative fat source in broiler nutrition

“…The positive association between body weight and intestinal weight and length is reported ( Yang et al., 2013 ), emphasizing the important role of intestine in digestion and absorption in poultry ( Ferrer et al., 2003 , Parsaie et al., 2007 , Aziza et al., 2014 ). The latter is postulated as dietary fats can influence lipid composition of the brush border membrane of the jejunum and the nutrient transporters present in the membrane ( Ferrer et al., 2003 ), which prompted us to measure intestinal parameters.…”

Effect of Lactobacillus acidophilus supplementation on growth performances, digestive enzyme activities and gut histomorphology of striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus Sauvage, 1878) juveniles

“…The sections were stained in haematoxylin and eosin and analysed under a light microscope. Images of each section from each fish were digitized using an image capture analysis system (Image Cell A, compound microscope, Camera‐Xcam‐61, Olympus BX41) and used to determine villus length, width and crypt depth (Aziza, Awadin, Quezada, & Cherian, ). Average values from each intestine image were obtained by measuring 6–8 villi inside the intestinal lumen.…”