Gastrointestinal Parasites in Captive and Free-Ranging Birds and Potential Cross-Transmission in a Zoo Environment

Free-ranging avifauna as a source of generalist parasites for captive birds in zoological settings: An overview of parasite records and potential for cross-transmission

“…In this species, only morphological evidence of Capillaria sp. ova was available [ 42 ]. (see Tables 1 – 3 ).…”

“…For example, one experiment demonstrated that parasite-free chickens acquired Ascaris lineata and Heterakis gallinarum infections due to exposure to free-ranging birds such as Eurasian black birds, confirming actual rather than potential overlap [ 50 ]. In Bristol Zoo Gardens in the UK, Carrera-Jativa et al [ 42 ] suggested potential parasite sharing of capillarids between closely related species such as captive Asian Azure-winged magpies ( Cyanopica cyanus ) and wild Eurasian jackdaws based on overlap in egg morphology using the Mini-FLOTAC coprological method and the Principal Component Analysis statistical test. However, they did not isolate adult parasite specimens or carry out infection trials or molecular tests to confirm cross-infection.…”

Diversity of gastrointestinal parasites in captive and domestic birds from zoological parks and one rural locality of Algeria

“…Low diversity of gastrointestinal parasites in captive and domestic birds from zoological parks and one rural locality of Algeria in several surveys worldwide (Faust & Pappas, 1977;Papini et al, 2012;El-Shahawy & Abou Elenien, 2015;Carrera-Játiva et al, 2018;Edosomwan & Igetei, 2018;Akram et al, 2019). Cryptosporidium, Eimeria, Capillaria and larvae of strongyles were seen with prevalence of 6%, 4.8%, 3.6%, and 4.8%, respectively.…”

“…Compared to the findings of this study, Papini et al (2012) noted a slightly higher prevalence of eggs excretion of strongyles in zoo birds from Italy. Strongyles are very diversified, common to other animals and considered the most excreted parasites by different species of captive birds from Bristol Zoo Gardens in USA (Carrera-Játiva et al, 2018). Reported data on prevalence of gastro-intestinal parasites in captive birds remain different across many studies worldwide.…”

“…(Pérez Cordón et al, 2009). Several genera of protozoa and helminthes were reported in different bird species of zoological gardens in different countries (Carrera-Játiva et al, 2018), but data on prevalence and epidemiology of parasite transmission remain a bit scarce (Pérez Cordón et al, 2009;Carrera-Játiva et al, 2018).…”