Gastrointestinal symptoms, gut microbiome, probiotics and prebiotics in anorexia nervosa: A review of mechanistic rationale and clinical evidence

Dhopatkar, Namrata; Keeler, Johanna Louise; Mutwalli, Hiba; Whelan, Kevin; Treasure, Janet; Himmerich, Hubertus

doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2022.105959

Cited by 34 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 166 publications

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“…They concluded that an increased gut permeability due to microbial change in AN could result in systemic inflammation. In a more recent review (Dhopatkar et al, 2023) are contradictory as well as for Alpha diversity or abundances of individual bacteria. Nutritional treatment, in general, reduced dysbiosis seen in pre-treatment AN, with an increase in gut microbiota associated with antiinflammatory properties such as Roseburia and Faecalibacterium.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They concluded that an increased gut permeability due to microbial change in AN could result in systemic inflammation. In a more recent review (Dhopatkar et al., 2023), studies investigating the gut microbiome in AN indicate significant dysbiosis in AN compared with controls. But results are contradictory as well as for Alpha diversity or abundances of individual bacteria.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Faecal calprotectin: Marker of intestinal inflammatory process in anorexia nervosa? A preliminary study

Moubayed

Piché‐Renaud

Provost

et al. 2023

Euro Eating Disorders Rev

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Purpose: Anorexia Nervosa (AN) is a serious and potentially lethal mental disorder characterised by a deliberate quest to reduce one's weight. It can have multiple physical and psychological consequences. The clinical presentation of AN can include gastrointestinal symptoms, however, the pathophysiology of these symptoms in the context of AN remains uncertain. It is hypothesised that patients with AN may have an increase in intestinal permeability, which could lead to an increase in faecal calprotectin (fCP), a marker of intestinal inflammation. No relation between AN and elevation of fCP has been previously described in literature. Methods: Eight patients hospitalised for AN have a dosage of fCP.Results: Calprotectine was found to be elevated in 50% of cases, with or without any underlying comorbid gastrointestinal disease. Only the duration of illness tended to be associated with the increase in fCP suggesting a greater alteration as a function related to the time of denutrition. Conclusion: Although these findings provide insights in the potential pathophysiology of gastrointestinal symptoms in AN, further studies that evaluate the factors associated with elevated fCP in patients with AN are needed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Faecal calprotectin: Marker of intestinal inflammatory process in anorexia nervosa? A preliminary study

Moubayed

Piché‐Renaud

Provost

et al. 2023

Euro Eating Disorders Rev

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“…Gastrointestinal disorders, such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), profoundly impact the gut microbiota, significantly influencing psychological well‐being. The intricate balance of the gut microbiome is disrupted in these disorders, leading to inflammation, alterations in neurotransmitter production, and changes in immune responses (Dhopatkar et al, 2023). These disruptions can give rise to psychological symptoms such as anxiety, depression, and mood disorders.…”

Section: Decoding the Roots: Understanding The Drivers Of Psychologic...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Probiotics: Bridging the interplay of a healthy gut and psychoneurological well‐being

Meher,

Acharya,

Sahu

2024

Food Bioengineering

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The establishment of a healthy microbiota, particularly during infancy, profoundly influences psychological health and neurological function through the gut‐brain axis. This review delves into the intricate connections between probiotics, gut microbiome development, and their impact on neurological disorders. Biotics, live microorganisms with proven health benefits, have emerged as a promising intervention, particularly during critical developmental stages. Administering specific probiotic strains (Lactobacillus species and Bifidobacterium) in infancy has shown promise in preventing and alleviating gut disorders, with implications for psychological well‐being. The bidirectional communication along the gut‐brain axis underscores the potential of probiotics in influencing neurological outcomes, ranging from anxiety to neurodevelopmental disorders. Additionally, this review explores emerging food engineering techniques (microencapsulation, genome editing, fermentation, protein engineering, immobilization, etc.) employed in preparing probiotic‐based foods, ensuring the viability and targeted release of probiotics in the gastrointestinal tract.

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“…The composition of the gut microbiota may be associated with key features of AN, including disorders of gut‐brain interaction (DGBI, disorders classified by GI symptoms related to motility disturbance, visceral hypersensitivity, altered mucosal and immune function, altered gut microbiota, and altered central nervous system processing) (Drossman, 2016; Dhopatkar et al, 2022), psychological symptoms, and ED psychopathology (Ruusunen et al, 2019). Therefore, altering the composition of the gut microbiota may possibly improve symptoms and treatment outcomes.…”

Section: Why Target the Gut Microbiota In Anorexia Nervosa?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, several articles detailed the mechanistic importance of the gut microbiota in the etiology of AN and called for further research to inform the development of novel therapies (Dhopatkar et al, 2022; Frostad, 2022; Galmiche et al, 2022; Landini et al, 2022; Reed et al, 2021; Ruusunen et al, 2019; Sirufo et al, 2022; Sudo, 2021; Terry et al, 2022; Wei et al, 2022). However, the issues in conducting this research have yet to be addressed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Challenges and priorities for researching the gut microbiota in individuals living with anorexia nervosa

West,

Hart,

Loughman

et al. 2023

Intl J Eating Disorders

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ObjectiveThe gut microbiota is implicated in several symptoms and biological pathways relevant to anorexia nervosa (AN). Investigations into the role of the gut microbiota in AN are growing, with a specific interest in the changes that occur in response to treatment. Findings suggest that microbial species may be associated with some of the symptoms common in AN, such as depression and gastrointestinal disturbances (GID). Therefore, researchers believe the gut microbiota may have therapeutic relevance. Whilst research in this field is rapidly expanding, the unique considerations relevant to conducting gut microbiota research in individuals with AN must be addressed.MethodWe provide an overview of the published literature investigating the relationship between the gut microbiota and symptoms and behaviors present in AN, discuss important challenges in gut microbiota research, and offer recommendations for addressing these. We conclude by summarizing research design priorities for the field to move forward.ResultsSeveral ways exist to reduce participant burden and accommodate challenges when researching the gut microbiota in individuals with AN.DiscussionRecommendations from this article are foreseen to encourage scientific rigor and thoughtful protocol planning for microbiota research in AN, including ways to reduce participant burden. Employing such methods will contribute to a better understanding of the role of the gut microbiota in AN pathophysiology and treatment.Public SignificanceThe field of gut microbiota research is rapidly expanding, including the role of the gut microbiota in anorexia nervosa. Thoughtful planning of future research will ensure appropriate data collection for meaningful interpretation while providing a positive experience for the participant. We present current challenges, recommendations for research design and priorities to facilitate the advancement of research in this field.

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Gastrointestinal symptoms, gut microbiome, probiotics and prebiotics in anorexia nervosa: A review of mechanistic rationale and clinical evidence

Cited by 34 publications

References 166 publications

Faecal calprotectin: Marker of intestinal inflammatory process in anorexia nervosa? A preliminary study

Faecal calprotectin: Marker of intestinal inflammatory process in anorexia nervosa? A preliminary study

Probiotics: Bridging the interplay of a healthy gut and psychoneurological well‐being

Challenges and priorities for researching the gut microbiota in individuals living with anorexia nervosa

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