Gastrointestinal Tract

Nyland, Thomas G.; Neelis, Dana A.; Mattoon, John S.

doi:10.1016/b978-1-4160-4867-1.00012-x

Cited by 13 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 122 publications

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“…If the patient is fasted for at least 12 h, feces and gas may fill only the colon, but they can be present also in the small intestine, creating reverberation artifacts and acoustic shadowing making wall measurements difficult (Penninck, 1998;Larson and Billler 2009). In the small intestine, the same layering of the stomach is observed (see above); colonic wall has a layered appearance like the small intestine but is thinner with less obvious layering; it can be easily identified because of its location and striking acoustic shadow and reverberation artifacts (Nyland et al, 2016). Normal small bowel wall thickness ranges approximately from 2 to 5 mm; large bowel thickness, instead, ranges from 1 to 2,5 mm (Riedesel, 2017).…”

Section: Intestinementioning

confidence: 75%

Diagnostic Imaging of Gastrointestinal Tumours in Dogs and Cats: A Review

Simeoni¹,

Signore²,

Terragni³

et al. 2020

American Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences

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Gastrointestinal tract tumours in dogs and cats are characterized by non-specific clinical presentation and laboratory abnormalities, but require fast identification, characterization and staging. Imaging techniques play a key role in the diagnostic process of these diseases in routine veterinary practice. Survey and contrast radiography may indicate primary or secondary signs of gastric or intestinal neoplasia such as a wall mass, functional alterations and stenosis points, but they have low sensibility and limited diagnostic value. Ultrasound allows to perform a detailed study of gastrointestinal wall's layers and thickness and adjacent organs but requires adequate acoustic windows and expert operators. Computed tomography is a reference technique both in human and veterinary oncology for the identification of primary neoplasms and for metastases searching thanks to the possibility to scan the whole body and the use of intravenous iodinated contrast medium for vascular assessment. Specific intraluminal distension techniques such as Helical-Hydro Computed Tomography and Computed Tomography Colonography can improve respectively stomach and colon associated masses. To date, Endoscopic Ultrasonography and Magnetic Resonance, despite their proven value in human medicine, lack of literatures that support their usefulness in the diagnosis and staging of gastrointestinal neoplasms in veterinary medicine and are not widely used in these pathologies. The purpose of this work is to review the literature on imaging modalities applied in gastrointestinal tumours diagnosis in dogs and cats, highlighting advantages and limitations of each technique in order to choose the proper imaging procedure in everyday clinical practice.

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Section: Intestinementioning

confidence: 75%

Diagnostic Imaging of Gastrointestinal Tumours in Dogs and Cats: A Review

Simeoni¹,

Signore²,

Terragni³

et al. 2020

American Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences

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“…However, changes are frequently present and typically take the form of mild diffuse thickening of the intestinal wall with preservation of layering and/or thicken ing of individual wall layers. 1 Hypoechoic nodules 1–3 mm in diameter have been reported in the submucosa of the colonic wall that are thought to represent reactive intraparietal lymphoid follicles and may indicate the presence of colonic inflammatory disease (Figure l). 2…”

Section: Gastrointestinal Wall Thickening: Diffuse Vs Focal Thickeningmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lymphadenopathy can occur with both IBD and lymphoma, although any changes present are often more marked with lymphoma than with enteritis. 1,6,13 Furthermore, normal intestinal wall thickness and an absence of mesenteric lymph node changes do not exclude the possibility of low-grade lymphoma. 14 Therefore, since there is substantial overlap in the appearance of both disease processes on ultrasound, further tests including full thickness surgical biopsy, immuno-histochemistry and clonality analysis should be considered.…”

Section: Gastrointestinal Wall Thickening: Diffuse Vs Focal Thickeningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feline abdominal ultrasonography: What’s normal? What’s abnormal? The diseased gastrointestinal tract

Griffin

2019

Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery

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Practical relevance: Abdominal ultrasound plays a vital role in the diagnostic work-up of many cats presenting to general and specialist practitioners. B-mode ultrasonography is likely the most widely used modality for imaging the gastrointestinal (GI) tract in cats and it can help in the diagnosis of GI masses, foreign bodies and disorders of the ileocaecocolic junction. Clinical challenges: Despite ultrasonography being a commonly used modality, many practitioners are not comfortable performing an ultrasound examination or interpreting the resulting images. Even differentiating between normal variations and pathological changes can be challenging for all but the most experienced. For example, while for inflammatory conditions of the feline GI tract changes are frequently identified on ultrasound, there may occasionally be no changes to the appearance of the intestine; hence a ‘normal’ ultrasound does not exclude the possibility of inflammatory disease. Aim: This review, part of an occasional series on feline abdominal ultrasonography, describes the appearance of a range of conditions that affect the feline GI tract; the normal GI tract is addressed in an accompanying article in this issue of JFMS. Aimed at general practitioners who wish to improve their knowledge and confidence in feline abdominal ultrasound, this review is accompanied by high-resolution images and videos available online as supplementary material. Equipment: Ultrasound facilities are readily available to most practitioners, although use of ultrasonography as a diagnostic tool is highly dependent on operator experience. Evidence base: Information provided in this article is drawn from the published literature and the author’s own clinical experience.

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“…Thoracic radiographs and abdominal sonographic findings were relatively unremarkable aside from the slightly thickened small bowel with a prominent muscularis layer. Though this can be seen with chronic enteritis, inflammatory bowel disease, or lymphoma among others, in this case, it may have been due to the vasculopathy from FSRA . The cytologic and PCR evidence of a Mycoplasma infection in this patient is thought to be an incidental, unrelated finding.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Imaging Diagnosis—magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings in a Cat With Systemic Reactive Angioendotheliomatosis

Schkeeper

Narak

Weiss

2016

Vet Radiology Ultrasound

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A 10-year-old, castrated male domestic short-haired cat was presented with an acute history of seizures, lethargy, anorexia, vomiting, and dyspnea. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain showed multifocal areas of gray matter T2-weighted hyperintensity. The lesions did not enhance with intravenous contrast. The cat was diagnosed at necropsy with feline systemic reactive angioendotheliomatosis, a rare vascular proliferative disorder for which a treatment has not yet been identified. This report is the first to describe associated magnetic resonance imaging changes for this disease.

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Gastrointestinal Tract

Cited by 13 publications

References 122 publications

Diagnostic Imaging of Gastrointestinal Tumours in Dogs and Cats: A Review

Diagnostic Imaging of Gastrointestinal Tumours in Dogs and Cats: A Review

Feline abdominal ultrasonography: What’s normal? What’s abnormal? The diseased gastrointestinal tract

Imaging Diagnosis—magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings in a Cat With Systemic Reactive Angioendotheliomatosis

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