Gastrointestinal worms and bacteria: From association to intervention

Rooney, James; Cantacessi, Cinzia; Sotillo, Javier; Cortés, Alba

doi:10.1111/pim.12955

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 110 publications

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“…For each individual animal, the treatment was classified as efficient (1) or not efficient (0) if the FECRi was equal to or above 95% (FECRi95) or 99% (FECRi99). The explanatory variables study region, host species, age, sex, ivermectin dose and route of administration were analysed in small ruminants naturally infected with strongyle nematodes.…”

Section: Goatsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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First evaluation and detection of ivermectin resistance in gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep and goats in South Darfur, Sudan

Mohammedsalih,

Ibrahim,

Juma

et al. 2024

Preprint

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In Sudan, resistance to benzimidazoles has been reported recently in cattle and goats from South Darfur. Herein, ivermectin efficacy against gastrointestinal nematodes (GINs) was evaluated in sheep and goats in three study areas in South Darfur. The faecal egg count reduction test (FECRT) was used to evaluate the efficacy of ivermectin in sheep and goats naturally infected with GINs in the region of Bulbul (goats: n=106), Kass (goats: n=40) and Nyala (Domaia (sheep: n=47, goats: n=77) and the University farm (goats: n=52)), using different treatment plans, and the efficacy was evaluated 12 days after treatment. Ivermectin efficacy was also evaluated in goats experimentally infected using local Haemonchus contortus isolates from Kass and Nyala. Nematodes surviving ivermectin treatment in goats in Bulbul and Nyala were harvested and larvae used to infect worm-free male sheep (n=6, ≤ 6 months old). Infected sheep were dosed subcutaneously with ivermectin every eight days with increasing doses from 0.2 mg/kg to 1.6 mg/kg bodyweight (bw). Reduced ivermectin efficacy was identified in sheep and goats in the four study locations. Using a paired statistic, the efficacy of a therapeutic dose in sheep was 75.6% (90% upper credible limit (UCrL): 77.5%), while twice the recommended dose led to a reduction of 92.6% (90% UCrL: 93.3%). In goats, the FECRs of a therapeutic dose were 72.9 – 95.3% (90% UCrL range: 73.6 – 95.7%) in Bulbul, Nyala Domaia, Nyala University farm and Kass. Twice the dose recommended for goats in Bulbul revealed a 90% UCrL of 87.6%. All post-treatment faecal cultures contained only Haemonchus spp. larvae. The experimental infection trials in sheep and goats supported our findings from field trials and calculated upper 90% CrL of below 98.9%. For the first time highly ivermectin resistant H. contortus populations have been identified in sheep and goats in Sudan, and resistance was experimentally confirmed.

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Section: Goatsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Parasitic worms are an important public health and veterinary problem worldwide. In tropical regions, including Sudan, helminths, such as nematodes, are able to cause significant morbidity and mortality in their hosts [1, 2]. In livestock, gastrointestinal nematodes (GINs) are causing significant losses in production.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First evaluation and detection of ivermectin resistance in gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep and goats in South Darfur, Sudan

Mohammedsalih,

Ibrahim,

Juma

et al. 2024

Preprint

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“…), inhibit bacterial toxins, increase mucus secretion, and induce mucosal immunity [ 144 , 145 , 146 , 147 , 148 , 149 , 150 , 151 ]. Although the relationship between probiotics and parasites has been investigated in various studies [ 144 , 148 , 152 , 153 , 154 , 155 , 156 , 157 , 158 ], there are very few reports related to Blastocystis and probiotics.…”

Section: Blastocystis and Probioticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blastocystis: A Mysterious Member of the Gut Microbiome

Aykur,

Malatyalı,

Demirel

et al. 2024

Microorganisms

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Blastocystis is the most common gastrointestinal protist found in humans and animals. Although the clinical significance of Blastocystis remains unclear, the organism is increasingly being viewed as a commensal member of the gut microbiome. However, its impact on the microbiome is still being debated. It is unclear whether Blastocystis promotes a healthy gut and microbiome directly or whether it is more likely to colonize and persist in a healthy gut environment. In healthy people, Blastocystis is frequently associated with increased bacterial diversity and significant differences in the gut microbiome. Based on current knowledge, it is not possible to determine whether differences in the gut microbiome are the cause or result of Blastocystis colonization. Although it is possible that some aspects of this eukaryote’s role in the intestinal microbiome remain unknown and that its effects vary, possibly due to subtype and intra-subtype variations and immune modulation, more research is needed to characterize these mechanisms in greater detail. This review covers recent findings on the effects of Blastocystis in the gut microbiome and immune modulation, its impact on the microbiome in autoimmune diseases, whether Blastocystis has a role like bacteria in the gut–brain axis, and its relationship with probiotics.

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“…In mammals, many studies have shown the association between GI helminth infections and both the composition and functionality of the host’s gut microbiota [ 3 – 5 ]. The gut microbiota is a complex and diverse community of microorganisms residing in the GI tract, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and other microorganisms that coexist in a synergistic balance [ 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While challenging, understanding how GI parasites and microbes influence each other could promote the development of novel microbiome-targeting approaches and other bacteria-based strategies for parasite control. For instance, the intervention of the gut microbial communities, e.g., via the administration of probiotics and prebiotics, and the use of bioengineered bacteria and nutritional supplements, has been postulated as an alternative strategy for parasite control and management [ 3 , 5 , 19 , 20 ]. Despite the importance of GI nematode parasitism in domestic ruminants, little is known about the nature and strength of the interactions among GI helminths and microbiota.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interaction between bacterial microbiota and nematode parasite communities in sheep’s gastrointestinal tract

Mate,

Alvarez,

Lloberas

et al. 2024

PLoS ONE

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The economic impact of gastrointestinal (GI) nematode infections on livestock production is well documented worldwide. Increasing evidence supports the hypothesis that parasite colonization induces significant changes in the GI tract environment and, therefore, in the landscape where the microbiota and parasites occur. Understanding the interactions between bacterial and parasite populations in the digestive tract of livestock may be useful to design parasite control strategies based on microbiota modification. The aims of this work were to investigate the impact of the oxytetracycline-mediated manipulation of the gut microbial community on the composition of GI nematode populations in naturally infected sheep and to explore changes in the GI microbial communities after nematode population treatment with the anthelmintic compound monepantel. Extensive manipulation of the GI microbiota with a therapeutic dose of the long-acting oxytetracycline formulation did not induce significant changes in the GI nematode burden. The gut microbiota of treated animals returned to control levels 17 days after treatment, suggesting strong resilience of the sheep microbial community to antibiotic-mediated microbiota perturbation. A significant decrease of the bacterial Mycoplasmataceae family (Log2FC = -4, Padj = 0.001) and a marked increase of the Methanobacteriaceae family (Log2FC = 2.9, Padj = 0.018) were observed in the abomasum of sheep receiving the monepantel treatment. While a comprehensive evaluation of the interactions among GI mycoplasma, methanobacteria and nematode populations deserves further assessment, the bacteria-nematode population interactions should be included in future control programs in livestock production. Understanding how bacteria and parasites may influence each other in the GI tract environment may substantially contribute to the knowledge of the role of microbiota composition in nematode parasite establishment and the role of the parasites in the microbiota composition.

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Gastrointestinal worms and bacteria: From association to intervention

Cited by 7 publications

References 110 publications

First evaluation and detection of ivermectin resistance in gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep and goats in South Darfur, Sudan

First evaluation and detection of ivermectin resistance in gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep and goats in South Darfur, Sudan

Blastocystis: A Mysterious Member of the Gut Microbiome

Interaction between bacterial microbiota and nematode parasite communities in sheep’s gastrointestinal tract

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