Gastroprotective and anti-Helicobacter pylori potentials of essential oils from the oleoresins of Araucaria bidwillii and Araucaria heterophylla

Abstract

Plant resins or oleoresins comprise a chemically complex mixture of different classes of compounds. Oleoresin of the genus Araucaria combines essential oil (EO) and resin. It possesses gastroprotective, cytotoxic, and timicrobial, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory activities. The study aimed to investigate the EOs from the oleoresins of two Araucaria species, A. bidwillii and A. heterophylla, chemically and biologically for their gastroprotective, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-Helicobacter pylori potentials. The chemical composition of both species cultivated in Egypt was analyzed with GC-MS and compared with those cultivated abroad using principal component analysis (PCA). There were 37 and 17 secondary metabolites identified in A. heterophylla and A. bidwillii, respectively. The EOs of both species showed a pronounced inhibitory effect on Helicobacter pylori activity in vitro. The gastroprotective effect was assessed in vivo using ethanol-induced gastric ulcer model in rats. Inflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress, and the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) biomarkers were assessed in the stomach tissues. The ulcer index and percentage of ulcer protection were determined. Stomach sections were examined histopathologically by staining with (H/E) and periodic acid Schiff (PAS). Moreover, the proliferative index was determined using the Ki-67 immunostaining. The treatment of rats with EOs (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg, orally) 1 hour prior to ethanol administration showed promising gastroprotective, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant potentials. These findings declared the gastroprotective role played by both EOs with the superiority of A. bidwillii over A. heterophylla via modulation of oxidative stress/NF-κB/inflammatory cytokines. Their use can be recommended to protect against the recurrence of peptic ulcers.

Chemical Composition, Repellent, and Phytotoxic Potentials of the Fractionated Resin Essential Oil from Araucaria heterophylla Growing in Tunisia

“…To the best of our knowledge, only the truck bark resin EOs of Indian and Egyptian specimens of A. heterophylla have been studied [36–40] . The resin volatile oil of the Indian species was characterized by α ‐copaene (29.9 %), germacrene D (21.4 %), γ ‐gurjunene (9.7 %), δ ‐cadinene (7.1 %), and sandaracopimara‐8(14),15‐diene (6.5 %) as major compounds.…”

“…To the best of our knowledge, only the truck bark resin EOs of Indian and Egyptian specimens of A. heterophylla have been studied. [36][37][38][39][40] The resin volatile oil of the Indian species was characterized by α-copaene (29.9 %), germacrene D (21.4 %), γgurjunene (9.7 %), δ-cadinene (7.1 %), and sandaracopimara-8(14),15-diene (6.5 %) as major compounds. In the Egypt ecospecies, despite variations in harvest area, monoterpenes hydrocarbons (32.9-77.9 %) were the predominant constituents, followed by sesquiterpenes hydrocarbons (12.1-30.1 %).…”

“…[38] Elshamy et al (2020), instead, reported that monoterpenes (66.5 %) represented the main components, followed by sesquiterpenes (30.85 %); α-pinene (44.9 %), germacrene D (10.3 %), α-copaene (4.7 %) and sabinene (4.4 %) were identified as major constituents of the EO of an Egyptian specimen. [39] In the same country, Ali et al (2023) showed that REO was rich in monoterpene hydrocarbons (73.9 %), with α-pinene (57.8 %), caryophyllene (5.4 %), D-limonene (4.8 %), and trans-3-caren-2-ol (4.7 %) as the major compounds. [40] Still for the Egyptian species, caryophyllene oxide (14.9 %), (+)-sabinene (12.1 %), D-limonene (11.2 %), caryophyllene (10.4 %), α-copaene (8.0 %), β-pinene (6.4 %) were the dominant compounds in the chemical profile of the REO isolated by Soliman et al (2023).…”

“…[39] In the same country, Ali et al (2023) showed that REO was rich in monoterpene hydrocarbons (73.9 %), with α-pinene (57.8 %), caryophyllene (5.4 %), D-limonene (4.8 %), and trans-3-caren-2-ol (4.7 %) as the major compounds. [40] Still for the Egyptian species, caryophyllene oxide (14.9 %), (+)-sabinene (12.1 %), D-limonene (11.2 %), caryophyllene (10.4 %), α-copaene (8.0 %), β-pinene (6.4 %) were the dominant compounds in the chemical profile of the REO isolated by Soliman et al (2023). [41] While the REO extracted by the microwave technique was reported by Abd-ElGawad et al (2023) to be rich in monoterpene hydrocarbons (77.9 %), with a remarkable dominance of α-pinene (62.6 %).…”

“…In the same country, Ali et al. (2023) showed that REO was rich in monoterpene hydrocarbons (73.9 %), with α‐pinene (57.8 %), caryophyllene (5.4 %), D‐limonene (4.8 %), and trans ‐3‐caren‐2‐ol (4.7 %) as the major compounds [40] . Still for the Egyptian species, caryophyllene oxide (14.9 %), (+)‐sabinene (12.1 %), D‐limonene (11.2 %), caryophyllene (10.4 %), α‐copaene (8.0 %), β‐pinene (6.4 %) were the dominant compounds in the chemical profile of the REO isolated by Soliman et al.…”