Gastroprotective effect of mucilage fraction from Solenostemma argel via cytoprotection and attenuation of oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis

Abstract

Introduction: Polysaccharides have numerous therapeutic values including immunity stimulation, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition, wound healing, anti-diabetic and cytotoxic activities, in addition to their potent anti-oxidant properties. This work examined the gastroprotective and ulcer healing potential of mucilage fraction isolated from Solenostemma argel (Delile) Hayne (MFA) against ethanol-induced gastric ulcer in rats. Methods: Forty Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into five groups (n=8); normal control (I), ethanol control (II), 20 mg/kg Antodine pretreated rats (III), 100 mg/kg, and 200 mg/kg MFA pretreated rats, respectively (IV & V). All rats in groups II-V received single intragastric dose of ethanol (5 mL/kg) to induce gastric ulcer. Gastric mucosal injuries were assessed by stomach gross examination as well as histopathology, and immunohistochemistry of apoptotic markers. Also, several biochemical parameters including oxidative stress, proinflammatory cytokines, cytoprotective and cell proliferative biomarkers were measured. Results: High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis of MFA revealed its composition of glucose, D-fucose and N-acetyl glucosamine as monosaccharaides, in addition to glucuronic and galacturonic acids. The data showed that MFA, 200 mg/kg had potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, cytoprotective, cell proliferative, and antiapoptotic activities which were better than Antodine. Conclusion: This study revealed that MFA had significant gastroprotective effects against ethanol-induced gastric injuries and could be a promising adjuvant therapy for ulcer treatment.

Gastroprotective polysaccharide from natural sources: Review on structure, mechanism, and structure–activity relationship

“…Xu et al, 2018). Otherwise, enzymatic and ultrasonic assisted-water extractions are utilized to gain several polysaccharides (Abboud et al, 2019;El-Shiekh et al, 2021).…”

“…On the other hand, gastroprotective polysaccharides from marine algae and animals can be gained by enzymic extraction using papain solution (Carneiro et al., 2018; Damasceno et al., 2013; Loke et al., 2007; Salem et al., 2017; Sinurat & Dan Rosmawaty, 2015; K. Y. Wang et al., 2021; Y. C. Wang et al., 2012; X. Q. Xu et al., 2018). Otherwise, enzymatic and ultrasonic assisted‐water extractions are utilized to gain several polysaccharides (Abboud et al., 2019; El‐Shiekh et al., 2021).…”

“…Regarding polysaccharides from woody plants (Table 2), polysaccharides from highland barley could decrease the levels of TNF‐α and IL‐6 in gastric tissues of rats induced by ethanol (H. H. Chen et al., 2019). Polysaccharide from Solenostemma argel reduced levels of TNF‐α, IL‐6, and MPO in ethanol‐induced GU in rats (El‐Shiekh et al., 2021). To polysaccharides from marine algae (Table 3), several polysaccharides could decline the levels of pro‐inflammatory cytokines (IL‐8, platelet‐activating factor [PAF], IL‐5, TNF‐α, IL‐1β, IL‐6, IL‐12, and interferon‐gamma [IFN‐γ]) along with MPO activity, and augment level of anti‐inflammatory cytokine (IL‐10) in gastric tissues of rats induced by ethanol, indomethacin, or aspirin.…”

“…Polysaccharides from M. charantia (Raish et al., 2018), D. officinale Kimura & Migo (Zeng et al., 2017), S. argel (El‐Shiekh et al., 2021), and H. fusiformis (E. Y. Choi et al., 2009) could increase Bcl‐2 protein expression and decrease expressions of pro‐apoptotic factors (Bax, caspase‐3, caspase‐8, and caspase‐9) in ethanol‐induced GU rats.…”