Gate-All-Around Nanowire Junctionless Transistor-Based Hydrogen Gas Sensor

Siddharth, Mokkapati; Jaiswal, Nivedita; Gupta, Manish; Kranti, Abhinav

doi:10.1109/jsen.2019.2903216

Cited by 38 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Device dimensions and structure of NWJL transistor-based sensor. [134] The bond between the molecules is van der Waals forces, so the binding energy is below 100 meV. [140] Every molecule approaching the catalyst surface polarizes and induces an equivalent dipole in the adsorbent, leading to binding interaction (e.g., 2 to 5 kcal mol −1 for Pt) adsorbate to the surface.…”

Section: The Catalytic Action In Hydrogen Sensingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, the contribution of electrons is neglected while estimating the channel potential. Equation () represents the electrostatic potential distribution in the channel region described by Poisson's equation in cylindrical coordinates where r and z are the variables for radial and vertical (height) directions for an n ‐channel Gate All Around Junction Less NanoWire MOSFET [ 134 ]

\begin{matrix} \frac{δ^{2} φ (r, z, T, P)}{δ r^{2}} + \frac{1}{r} \frac{δ φ (r, z, T, P)}{δ r} + \frac{δ^{2} φ (r, z, T, P)}{δ z^{2}} = \frac{- q N_{normald}}{ε_{si}} \end{matrix}

…”

Section: Modeling and Simulation Of Mosfet Hydrogen Sensormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The work function‐based hydrogen sensors simulated in TCAD are GAANWJL transistor sensor, [ 134 ] Pd‐based trench gate MOSFET, [ 135 ] and ZnO thin‐film transistor. [ 136 ] The approach involves the comparison of the experimental output data and device simulated data.…”

Section: Modeling and Simulation Of Mosfet Hydrogen Sensormentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Work Function‐Based Metal–Oxide–Semiconductor Hydrogen Sensor and Its Functionality: A Review

Sahoo

Kale

2021

Adv Materials Inter

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Solar PV and wind energy conversion systems convert input energy directly to electricity, are techno-economically viable, and have already achieved grid parity. [3,4] Though renewables fulfill most modern energysource criteria, they still possess low energy density, are challenging to transport, less efficient, costly, and are intrinsically intermittent, thus requiring a storage media.Hydrogen, a less popular renewable, can be used as a fuel as apart from being abundant gas, possesses high energy density, [5] exhibits better combustion characteristics, [5] owes a nonpolluting nature, [6] and has several other favorable properties, listed in Table 1. Hydrogen is a promising alternative energy source [6,7] that overcomes most of the challenges faced by classical renewables.Figure 2 describes hydrogen energy transformation from primary energy sources to the end-users in an integrated way. The hydrogen production, storage, transportation and delivery, application, awareness and capacity building, safety codes and standards are all interrelated to form the hydrogen energy system. The two prime methods of producing hydrogen are i) from the conventional process, and ii) using renewable energy sources (such as biomass, solar, wind, and hydro). Hydrogen possesses significantly higher gravimetric energy density than other storage techniques (such as batteries, pumped hydropower, supercapacitors, Flywheels, pressurized air). The use of abundant renewable energy when available, hydrogen production, and storage is an optimal choice. Hydrogen can be stored as pressurized gas or as a cryogenic liquid or solid fuel. [27] Storage of hydrogen as a gas typically requires high-pressure tanks (350-700 bar tank pressure). Due to the low boiling point (−252.8 °C at atmospheric pressure), liquid hydrogen storage requires cryogenic temperature.The conventional conversion of fossil fuel feedstock to hydrogen includes steam-methane reforming, thermal cracking of natural gas, thermal decomposition (partial oxidation) of heavy oil, catalytic decomposition of natural gas, coal gasification, and steam-iron coal gasification. [20][21][22][23][24][25] When released into the atmosphere, the conventional methods generate CO 2 as a by-product, assisting global warming. The generation of renewable hydrogen makes it more economical and environmentally benign. Electrolysis uses electrical power supplied from renewables to produce hydrogen and oxygen. Biomass routes Hydrogen, a nonpolluting gas, is emerging as an ideal, suitable, and economical energy carrier. The current global non-carbon hydrogen production is 105.8 MW in 2020 and is expected to reach 218 MW in 2021. Hydrogen possesses low ignition energy of 0.017 mJ and reacts exothermically with air, posing severe safety challenges. Humanly undetectable gas needs accurate and sensitive sensors to prevent accidents. Amongst different hydrogen sensors currently developed, work function-based sensors are sensitive, selective, costeffective, smaller in size, less susceptible to environmental change, an...

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Section: The Catalytic Action In Hydrogen Sensingmentioning

confidence: 99%

\begin{matrix} \frac{δ^{2} φ (r, z, T, P)}{δ r^{2}} + \frac{1}{r} \frac{δ φ (r, z, T, P)}{δ r} + \frac{δ^{2} φ (r, z, T, P)}{δ z^{2}} = \frac{- q N_{normald}}{ε_{si}} \end{matrix}

…”

Section: Modeling and Simulation Of Mosfet Hydrogen Sensormentioning

confidence: 99%

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Work Function‐Based Metal–Oxide–Semiconductor Hydrogen Sensor and Its Functionality: A Review

Sahoo

Kale

2021

Adv Materials Inter

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“…make a FET based gas sensor efficient and attractive. It must be mentioned that the change in the metal (gate) work function against the adsorption of the gas molecules is the backbone of the FET based gas sensors, where the dipole generation changes the work function of the metal [2]. In addition, the change in the metal work function gets reflected on the threshold voltage of the FET, which shifts significantly.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For the past few years, there have been multiple gas sensor models reported in the literature with an emphasis on different FET architectures. A gate-all-around nanowire junctionless transistor was proposed to work as a hydrogen gas sensor based on the catalytic metal gate approach [2]. Similarly, the scientists have also proposed an alternative to the MOSFET based gas sensors, where they have considered Tunnel FETs (TFETs) to minimize the short channel effects and to reduce the sub-threshold slope of the device [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and Investigation of Double Gate Field Effect Transistor Based H2 Gas Sensor Using Ultra-Thin Molybdenum Disulfide

Karmakar

Sen

et al. 2022

Silicon

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In this article, a low-power hydrogen (H2) gas sensor has been proposed using a two-dimensional (2D) material based Double Gate Field Effect Transistor (2D-FET). It is imperative to highlight that the conventional threedimensional (3D) materials cannot be scaled down to an ultra-low dimension due to the presence of dangling bonds, surface roughness scattering etc. This creates a major challenge in developing low-dimensional sensors for next generation sensing and computing. In this context, we have developed an extensive simulation model, which articulates the physical phenomena behind a catalytic metal gate-based hydrogen gas sensor using a 2D-FET. A 5 nm thin Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) film has been used as the channel material for the proposed 2D-FET based gas sensor. The sensor has been modelled by emphasizing on the catalytic metal (Palladium) gate approach, where the work function of the gate metal deposited on top of the channel region varies after the absorption of the hydrogen gas.Moreover, the Technology Computer Aided Design (TCAD) based gas sensor model has been developed by considering a change in the pressure of H2 gas as well. We have also highlighted the effect of Metal/MoS2 contact on sensor performance. In terms of results, a maximum threshold voltage (Vth) shift of 100 mV has been obtained against a gas pressure of 10 -10 torr, whereas the maximum percentage of change in ION/IOFF is 100.

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Catalytic Metal‐Gated Nano‐Sheet Field Effect Transistor and Nano‐Sheet Tunnel Field Effect Transistor Based Hydrogen Gas Sensor‐ A Design Perspective

Bansal,

Tiwari,

Majumdar

et al. 2024

Advcd Theory and Sims

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In this work, for the first time, the catalytic metal gate (CMG) based nanosheet Field Effect Transistor (NSFET) and nanosheet Tunnel Field Effect Transistor (NSTFET) are proposed for nano‐scale device dimensions, and the different design aspects of catalytic metal gate (CMG)‐based transduction for Hydrogen (H2) sensing are extensively investigated using numerical device simulation. The influence of applied biasing conditions and structural parameter specifications on the sensing performance of CMG‐NSFET and CMG‐NSTFET are methodically analyzed from device electrostatics and carrier transport mechanisms. Furthermore, the relative maximum sensitivity variations with H2‐partial pressure, ambient temperature, and the presence of ambient Oxygen are comprehensively studied. The study reveals that compared to CMG‐NSFET, the CMG‐NSTFET demonstrates a high immunity against bias and doping variations, with a notably higher (> 50%) sensitivity within low H2 partial pressures (10−15 – 10−10 Torr). Next, the sensing performance of CMG‐NSTFET is systematically optimized through a band‐gap and gate‐stack engineering approach, leading to a 180% to 650% sensitivity improvement from lower (10−15 Torr) to higher (10−5 Torr) range of H2 partial pressure. Finally, the performance of optimized CMG‐NSFET and CMG‐NSTFET are extensively benchmarked against other reported nanostructured CMG‐FET and TFET‐based H2 gas sensors, exhibiting a notably higher sensitivity in the proposed sensors.

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Gate-All-Around Nanowire Junctionless Transistor-Based Hydrogen Gas Sensor

Cited by 38 publications

References 31 publications

Work Function‐Based Metal–Oxide–Semiconductor Hydrogen Sensor and Its Functionality: A Review

Work Function‐Based Metal–Oxide–Semiconductor Hydrogen Sensor and Its Functionality: A Review

Design and Investigation of Double Gate Field Effect Transistor Based H2 Gas Sensor Using Ultra-Thin Molybdenum Disulfide

Catalytic Metal‐Gated Nano‐Sheet Field Effect Transistor and Nano‐Sheet Tunnel Field Effect Transistor Based Hydrogen Gas Sensor‐ A Design Perspective

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