Gate-Programmable Electro-Optical Addressing Array of Graphene-Coated Nanowires with Sub-10 nm Resolution

Liang, Huawei; Zhang, Lei; Zhang, Shuang; Cao, Tun; Alù, Andrea; Ruan, Shuangchen; Qiu, Cheng‐Wei

doi:10.1021/acsphotonics.6b00365

Cited by 24 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…The intensity loss caused by the mode propagation in the hole can be calculated using 1 − e −2 αh . [ 34,36 ] When h = 1.86λ, the propagation losses of both FGMs are always lower than 4% and 7% in the frequency range of 0.001−10 THz and 10−100 THz, respectively. The reflection loss may be evaluated by the simulation.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metallic Waveguide Arrays for Metasurface‐Like Control with High Simplicity in Design

Liang

et al. 2020

Advanced Optical Materials

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Metallic waveguide arrays, consisting of regularly arranged holes, are proposed for metasurface‐like control of phase, polarization, and amplitude, while the design procedure is greatly simplified. In a sharp contrast to the existing metasurface working principles, the phase delay is dependent on the waveguide dimension perpendicular to the polarization direction, but not on the dimension parallel to the polarization direction. Due to the negligible cross‐polarization effect, the phase can be completely independently controlled for two orthogonally polarized waves with either the same or the different frequencies using one waveguide array. Notably, the analytical relationship between the phase delay and hole dimensions can be presented explicitly, which greatly simplifies the design process to select the waveguide array for a desired phase distribution. Furthermore, the amplitude and polarization can be completely controlled by tuning the dimension and the orientation angle of metal holes. Based on the control over phase, polarization, and amplitude, several control functionalities are theoretically and experimentally demonstrated at the terahertz frequency. A control efficiency of up to 70% is experimentally obtained. The freestanding waveguide array with features of both easy availability and high durability may significantly push forward the development of various photonic devices.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metallic Waveguide Arrays for Metasurface‐Like Control with High Simplicity in Design

Liang

et al. 2020

Advanced Optical Materials

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“…Compared with the metal plasmon waveguides, GP waveguides show very strong modal field confinement, and the chemical potential of graphene could be tuned to improve the waveguiding performance [25]. So far, graphene sheet [27], graphene gap waveguide [28], V-shaped graphene waveguide [29], graphene-based parallel-plate waveguide [30], dielectric loaded graphene waveguide [31], graphene hybrid waveguides [32][33][34][35][36], and graphene-coated dielectric nanowires [37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44] have been proposed and investigated. Among them, graphene hybrid waveguides have shown very good waveguiding performances in the THz band.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To further downscale the mode area, He et al [34,35] proposed two graphene-based hybrid plasmonic waveguides, which could simultaneously achieve a very small normalized modal area of approximately 10 −4~1 0 −3 and a propagation length of approximately several hundreds of micrometers at 3 THz. Recently, graphene-coated nanowires have attracted lots of research interest and been investigated mainly in the mid-infrared band [37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44]. In the THz band, a graphene-coated nanowire with a drop-shaped cross section was suggested for low loss waveguiding with ultra-strong mode confinement [44].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Graphene-Coated Elliptical Nanowires for Low Loss Subwavelength Terahertz Transmission

Teng

Wang

et al. 2019

Applied Sciences

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Graphene has been recently proposed as a promising alternative to support surface plasmons with its superior performances in terahertz and mid-infrared range. Here, we propose a graphene-coated elliptical nanowire (GCENW) structure for subwavelength terahertz waveguiding. The mode properties and their dependence on frequency, nanowire size, permittivity and chemical potential of graphene are studied in detail by using a finite element method, they are also compared with the graphene-coated circular nanowires (GCCNWs). Results showed that the ratio of the long and short axes (b/a) of the elliptical nanowire had significant influence on mode properties, they also showed that a propagation length over 200 μm and a normalized mode area of approximately 10−4~10−3 could be obtained. Increasing b/a could simultaneously achieve both long propagation length and very small full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the focal spots. When b/a = 10, a pair of focal spots about 40 nm could be obtained. Results also showed that the GCENW had a better waveguiding performance when compared with the corresponding GCCNWs. The manipulation of Terahertz (THz) waves at a subwavelength scale using graphene plasmon (GP) may lead to applications in tunable THz components, imaging, and nanophotonics.

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“…In particular, an area of much interest to both experimentalists and theoreticians has been the study of plasmon excitations under various conditions of temperature and doping concentrations. There have been many recent works focused on the study of these plasmon modes in graphene when it is free standing, lying on a substrate, or encapsulated by two conducting materials . In this paper, we investigate the way in which the plasmon mode excitations for a pair of graphene layers are affected by encapsulating conductors which are coupled nonlocally to the two‐dimensional (2D) layers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Temperature and Doping on Plasmon Excitations for an Encapsulated Double‐Layer Graphene Heterostructure

Gumbs

Dahal

Balassis

2017

Physica Status Solidi (b)

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We perform a comprehensive analysis of the spectrum of graphene plasmons which arise when a pair of sheets are confined between conducting materials. The associated enhanced local fields may be employed in the manipulation of light on the nanoscale by adjusting the separation between the graphene layers, the energy band gap as well as the concentration of charge carriers in the conducting media surrounding the two-dimensional (2D) layers. We present a theoretical formalism, based on the calculation of the surface response function, for determining the plasmon spectrum of an encapsulated pair of 2D layers and apply it to graphene. We solve the coupled equations involving the continuity of the electric potential and discontinuity of the electric field at the interfaces separating the constituents of the hybrid structure. We have compared the plasmon modes for encapsulated gapped and gapless graphene. The associated nonlocal graphene plasmon spectrum coupled to the "sandwich" system show a linear acoustic plasmon mode as well as a low-frequency mode corresponding to in-phase oscillations of the adjacent 2D charge densities. These calculations are relevant to the study of energy transfer via plasmon excitations when graphene is confined by a pair of thick conducting materials.

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Gate-Programmable Electro-Optical Addressing Array of Graphene-Coated Nanowires with Sub-10 nm Resolution

Cited by 24 publications

References 49 publications

Metallic Waveguide Arrays for Metasurface‐Like Control with High Simplicity in Design

Metallic Waveguide Arrays for Metasurface‐Like Control with High Simplicity in Design

Graphene-Coated Elliptical Nanowires for Low Loss Subwavelength Terahertz Transmission

Effect of Temperature and Doping on Plasmon Excitations for an Encapsulated Double‐Layer Graphene Heterostructure

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