Gated magnetic resonance imaging of the normal and diseased heart.

Abstract

Gated cardiac magnetic resonance (MR) images were obtained in two normal volunteers and 21 adults with a variety of cardiovascular abnormalities. The images were correlated with data from clinical examinations, electrocardiograms, and cardiac catheterization. Gated cardiac images were superior to nongated images. Combined cardiac and respiratory gated images were superior to images obtained with cardiac gating only, but acquisition time was longer. Portions of the coronary arteries were visualized in seven of 23 examinations (30%), and subacute and old myocardial infarcts were seen in five of nine patients (55%) as areas of thinned myocardium. No signal changes were observed in the patients with subacute infarctions or the patient with myocarditis. Coronary atherosclerotic lesions were not visualized in any of the patients. Normal cardiac anatomy (chambers, valves, and papillary muscles) was well visualized. Examples of aortic stenosis and atherosclerosis of the abdominal aorta are shown.

Magnetic Resonance Angiography

“…Early attempts at coronary MRA with conventional spin-echo MR were met with limited success. In 1984, Lieberman et al 170 were able to visualize portions of the coronaries in only 7 of 23 patients, whereas Paulin and colleagues 23 identified the origin of the left main coronary artery in all 6 subjects examined and the RCA ostium in 4 of the 6 individuals. No coronary stenoses were identified in either report.…”

Noninvasive diagnosis of congenital left coronary artery to right ventricle fistula by nuclear magnetic resonance imaging

“…Previous studies have demonstrated the utility of cardiac gated NMR to image many cardiac malformations including septal defects, great vessel malpositions, coarctation of the aorta, cardiac tumors, and surgically created aorticopulmonary shunts [1][2][3] . In addition, the proximal coronary artery has been visualized by the NMR imaging technique [7] . The current study, to our knowledge, represents the first documentation of a CAVF by NMR imaging .…”

Detection Myocardial Bridging Using Non-Invasive Technique

“…[66][67] The advantage of without contrast and radiation with MR makes it preferable for younger athletes and renal insufficient patients to identify possible coronary artery disease as well as MB. In addition, calcified lesions at MDCT images show positive diagnosis or cannot be clearly demonstrated for the artifact from calcification in many cases.…”