I. INTRODUCTIONExploring the design space with the aim of finding feasible, let alone optimal solutions is not trivial. Essentially, this involves finding a solution to an inverse problem. That is, a relatively small number of (presumably) known requirements and performance characteristics need to be mapped onto a much larger number (space) of unknown design parameters, subject to constraints. The inverse problem, of course, is generic and forms parts of the study of complex systems, from ecology [1,2] to engineering design [3], where the integration of an expanding set of (validated) numerical methods and models is used to investigate scenarios and to predict outcomes.The work presented here lies within this context, with a particular emphasis on computational intelligence methods and tools for interactive design space exploration. The scope is restricted (but not limited) to conceptual computational design where a complex product, for example aircraft, ship, and so on, is described by a large number of computational models related to geometry parameterization, performance, cost, and so forth. It is assumed that the computational models are black-boxes (e.g., compiled code) which contain low-fidelity code (e.g., parametric/empirical equations) and/or surrogate models. This assumption reflects the realities of the commercial world in which the content of a model is usually a closely guarded intellectual property.There are a number of challenges associated with such complex and relatively little studied computational systems: