Gateway to Typhoid Conjugate Vaccine Introduction in India and Beyond—Programmatic Effectiveness of a Public Sector Typhoid Conjugate Vaccine Campaign in Navi Mumbai

Carey, Megan E

doi:10.1093/cid/ciad134

Cited by 1 publication

(1 citation statement)

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“…Given the success of subunit vaccines for other bacterial infections, hunt for a highly efficacious typhoid vaccine, especially for smaller children (<2 years) that is safe and at the same time, capable of inducing durable protection is focused on developing typhoid conjugate (Vi-conjugate) vaccines (TCVs). A glycoconjugate vaccine (Vi-PS conjugated to tetanus toxoid, called Vi-TT), recently licensed in India has been reported to mount considerably high levels of durable protection through induction of memory B and T-cells 7 , 8 . The landmark TyVAC trial in Nepal, Malawi, and Bangladesh had shown protective efficacy of Typbar TCV to the extent of 79%, 84%, 85%, respectively 9 – 11 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intranasal immunization of mice with chimera of Salmonella Typhi protein elicits protective intestinal immunity

Chakraborty,

Dutta,

Pal

et al. 2024

npj Vaccines

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Development of safe, highly effective and affordable enteric fever vaccines is a global health priority. Live, oral typhoid vaccines induce strong mucosal immunity and long-term protection, but safety remains a concern. In contrast, efficacy wears off rapidly for injectable, polysaccharide-based vaccines, which elicit poor mucosal response. We previously reported Salmonella Typhi outer membrane protein, T2544 as a potential candidate for bivalent (S. Typhi and S. Paratyphi A) vaccine development. Here, we show that intranasal immunization with a subunit vaccine (chimera of T2544 and cholera toxin B subunit) induced strong systemic and intestinal mucosal immunity and protection from S. Typhi challenge in a mouse model. CTB-T2544 augmented gut-homing receptor expression on lymphocytes that produced Th1 and Th17 cytokines, secretory IgA in stool that inhibited bacterial motility and epithelial attachment, antibody recall response and affinity maturation with increased number of follicular helper T cells and CD4+ central and effector memory cells.

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