Gathering Data for Archival, Field, Survey, and Experimental Accounting Research

Bloomfield, Robert J.; Nelson, Mark W.; Soltes, Eugene F.

doi:10.1111/1475-679x.12104

Cited by 215 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 111 publications

(123 reference statements)

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“…We use a survey to conduct our study because it is a method well suited for understanding the current audit environment from a sociological perspective (Malsch and Salterio 2016). Consistent with Bloomfield et al (2016), we feel this method provides a great opportunity to contextualize the process by which auditors use forensic specialists, allows us to generate rich descriptive data about current practitioners' beliefs, and helps us to illuminate previously unexplored facts and associations that offer an opportunity for theory building. Furthermore, we believe that such an exploratory approach will inform the conduct of other research methods including interview-based and experimental studies.…”

Section: Survey Instrumentmentioning

confidence: 81%

Getting Comfortable on Audits: Understanding Firms’ Usage of Forensic Specialists

Jenkins

Negangard

Oler

2018

Contemporary Accting Res

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Increasing financial statement complexity along with an intense focus on audit quality has created challenges for today's auditors. As a result, audit firms are increasingly relying on various specialists to help them perform their audits. To better understand why and how audit firms are using forensic specialists on their audits, we conduct an exploratory survey of experienced audit and forensic professionals. Our results suggest auditors are largely relying on forensic specialists to provide them with additional comfort beyond that obtained from traditional audit procedures. Furthermore, our results demonstrate that the usage of forensic specialists occurs primarily on riskier engagements, such as those involving restatements, initial public offerings, and investigations by regulators or law enforcement agencies. Although their involvement varies, forensic specialists assist audit teams by providing both guidance and direct assistance across the audit in areas including fraud brainstorming, design of procedures to test for fraud, and review of results of fraud‐related testing. In addition, our findings indicate forensic specialist involvement may lead to greater comfort as evidenced by the perceived identification by forensic specialists of additional audit findings related to material misstatements, financial reporting fraud, misappropriation of assets, and internal control deficiencies. Our results also reveal the majority of auditor and forensic specialist participants believe the value of forensic involvement on audits outweighs the associated costs, even in the absence of such additional audit findings. We conclude our paper by offering a theoretical discussion of our findings based on the audit comfort framework and suggestions for future research. In summary, our findings suggest that the discomfort some auditors feel in the contemporary auditing environment is leading to changes in the rituals that underlie traditional audits such that they seek comfort afforded them through forensic specialist involvement.

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Section: Survey Instrumentmentioning

confidence: 81%

Getting Comfortable on Audits: Understanding Firms’ Usage of Forensic Specialists

Jenkins

Negangard

Oler

2018

Contemporary Accting Res

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“…We also find that the VIFs are 1.08 for ConnectedBoard and 9.07 for Inverse Mills Ratio, implying that the model does not face serious multicollinearity problem according to Greene (2008). Nonetheless, we acknowledge our compromises and limitations in pursuit of answering interesting questions (Bloomfield et al 2016) about the effect of political ties.…”

Section: Self-selection Biasmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nonetheless, we acknowledge our compromises and limitations in pursuit of answering interesting questions (Bloomfield et al. ) about the effect of political ties.…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

Do Political Connections Weaken Tax Enforcement Effectiveness?

Lin

Mills

Zhang

et al. 2018

Contemporary Accting Res

145

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This paper examines whether ties to politicians by corporate boards of directors weaken the effectiveness of tax authorities in constraining tax avoidance in China. We use a unique data set to measure geographic time‐variant tax enforcement, including the probability of income tax audit, the expertise of tax officers, and the consequences of underreporting tax liabilities. Based on a sample of 11,121 firm‐years from 2003 to 2013, we find that the deterrent effect of the probability that a firm's taxable income understatement will be detected and lead to heavy penalties is significantly undermined if the board is politically connected. To enhance our analysis, we use opportunities for income shifting, the most likely mechanism through which Chinese firms avoid taxes on an ongoing basis, to illustrate how connected boards exert power to unwind the constraining effect of tax enforcement. Overall, our results suggest that a board's ties to politicians can be a significant challenge to the effective enforcement of tax compliance in a politically controlled economy.

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“…Besides, in the development of the questions of the questionnaire, the authors also went back to the research materials of Brazel et al (2014). The questionnaire aimed at helping participants express their opinions regarding the different issues examined in the current study using questions based on a 5-point Likert scale where 1 = Rarely, 2 = Sometimes, 3 = Usually, 4 = Frequently, and 5 = Always or through yes or no questions (Bloomfield, Nelson, & Soltes, 2016).…”

Section: Research Methods and Data Collection The Development Of The Rmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implications of Financial and Non-financial Measures on the Refinement of the Assessments of Audit Risk: An Empirical Investigation

Awadallah¹,

El-Said²

2016

JMAA

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Identifying and assessing audit risk is a key part of the audit process. Prior research documented that auditors primarily look at financial data, information, and measures when assessing the audit risk for an audit engagement.However, professional standard setters, regulators, and academic researchers have discussed the potential for non-financial data, information, and measures to provide a powerful and independent benchmark for evaluating the validity of the numbers of financial statements of an audit client. A field study was conducted in Egypt during the years 2013 and 2014 to explore how auditors perceive and assess audit risk for an audit engagement in the period following the Egyptian revolution of January 25, 2011. The results of the field study indicated that auditors appear not to give sufficient attention to non-financial data, information, and measures when assessing the audit risk during an audit engagement. Auditors seem to rely on financial data, information, and measures when assessing the audit risk of an audit engagement. Furthermore, auditors do not seem to consider the inconsistencies between financial and non-financial data, information, and measures of an audit client as an indicator of the existence of fraud or material misstatements in the financial statements of an audit client.

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Gathering Data for Archival, Field, Survey, and Experimental Accounting Research

Cited by 215 publications

References 111 publications

Getting Comfortable on Audits: Understanding Firms’ Usage of Forensic Specialists

Getting Comfortable on Audits: Understanding Firms’ Usage of Forensic Specialists

Do Political Connections Weaken Tax Enforcement Effectiveness?

Implications of Financial and Non-financial Measures on the Refinement of the Assessments of Audit Risk: An Empirical Investigation

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