Gatifloxacin and moxifloxacin: an in vitro susceptibility comparison to levofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, and ofloxacin using bacterial keratitis isolates

Fluoroquinolone susceptibilities to methicillin-resistant and susceptible coagulase-negative Staphylococcus isolated from eye infection

“…The MIC of moxifloxacin was equivalent to that of gatifloxacin for fluoroquinolone-resistant CoNS. In our study, the MIC 90 was lower for gatifloxacin than that of moxifloxacin for MR CoNS, but equal for CoNS (13) (Tables 6 and 7).…”

“…These antibiotics (ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, moxifloxacin and gatifloxacin) provide: broad-spectrum coverage against most aerobic gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, low toxicity, safety, good ocular surface penetration, prolonged tear film concentration, stability at room temperature, and good availability (5,10) . Unfortunately, recent reports of bacterial resistance to these second generation fluoroquinolones have had an impact on their acceptance, with a decrease in their use and the introduction of the fourth generation fluoroquinolones as an alternative to increase the spectrum of action, mostly against gram-positive cocci (5,(10)(11)(12)(13)(14) .…”

Vitreous and aqueous penetration of orally administered moxifloxacin in humans

“…Among these, moxifloxacin, a novel fourth generation fluoroquinolone, has a spectrum of coverage against the pathogens most commonly responsible for postoperative, post-traumatic, and blebassociated endophthalmitis with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) levels for Gram-positive bacteria, which are generally lower than those of the other fluoroquinolone antibiotics, including gatifloxacin. 14,15 Moxifloxacin has 90% oral bioavailability, can be administered regardless of food, and reaches peak plasma concentrations 1-2 h after oral dosage, with an approximate half-life of 10 h. 16 It is widely distributed into many tissues and body fluids, with a serum protein binding of 50%. There have been no known life threatening reactions.…”

Comparison of topical fixed-combination fortified vancomycin–amikacin (VA solution) to conventional separate therapy in the treatment of bacterial corneal ulcer

“…Furthermore, several in vitro studies suggest that many bacteria, such as Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus, and coagulase-negative Staphylococcus species are becoming resistant to currently available fluoroquinolones. [7][8][9] Moxifloxacin, a fourth-generation fluoroquinolone, has been reported to have similar efficacy compared with ciprofloxacin 0.3% and vancomycin 50 mg/ml. 10 Although moxifloxacin has been suggested as a broad-spectrum agent in the treatment of bacterial keratitis, fluoroquinolone monotherapy is recommended only in compliant patients with less severe ulcers.…”