Gauge matters: observing the vortex-nucleation transition in a Bose condensate

LeBlanc, Lindsay J.; Jiménez-García, Karina; Williams, Ross; Beeler, Matthew; Phillips, William D.; Spielman, I. B.

doi:10.1088/1367-2630/17/6/065016

Cited by 20 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The difference qA − qA out ≠0 is gauge invariant and stems from an effective (sheet) magnetic field at the interface between the cavity and vacuum. The experimental signatures of qA , such as shift of the energy minimum of polariton dispersion away from k =0, are observable in our experiments due to this effective magnetic field that alters the kinetic momentum as photons/polaritons pass through the interface 23 24 25 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 69%

Electrically tunable artificial gauge potential for polaritons

et al. 2017

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Neutral particles subject to artificial gauge potentials can behave as charged particles in magnetic fields. This fascinating premise has led to demonstrations of one-way waveguides, topologically protected edge states and Landau levels for photons. In ultracold neutral atoms, effective gauge fields have allowed the emulation of matter under strong magnetic fields leading to realization of Harper-Hofstadter and Haldane models. Here we show that application of perpendicular electric and magnetic fields effects a tunable artificial gauge potential for two-dimensional microcavity exciton polaritons. For verification, we perform interferometric measurements of the associated phase accumulated during coherent polariton transport. Since the gauge potential originates from the magnetoelectric Stark effect, it can be realized for photons strongly coupled to excitations in any polarizable medium. Together with strong polariton–polariton interactions and engineered polariton lattices, artificial gauge fields could play a key role in investigation of non-equilibrium dynamics of strongly correlated photons.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 69%

Electrically tunable artificial gauge potential for polaritons

et al. 2017

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“…The observed momentum distribution will in general differ in these two cases . As discussed in Möller and Cooper (2010) and LeBlanc et al (2015) these differences arise because the synthetic vector potential vanishes during TOF when the laser fields are removed: there are physical differences in how exactly the synthetic vector potential returns to zero when TOF begins, and physically different effective electric fields present during this turnoff. All physical observables remain invariant to local gauge transformations, provided these are applied consistently, i.e.…”

Section: Time-of-flight Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Topological bands for ultracold atoms

2019

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There have been significant recent advances in realizing band structures with geometrical and topological features in experiments on cold atomic gases. We provide an overview of these developments, beginning with a summary of the key concepts of geometry and topology for Bloch bands. We describe the different methods that have been used to generate these novel band structures for cold atoms, as well as the physical observables that have allowed their characterization. We focus on the physical principles that underlie the different experimental approaches, providing a conceptual framework within which to view these developments. However, we also describe how specific experimental implementations can influence physical properties. Moving beyond single-particle effects, we describe the forms of inter-particle interactions that emerge when atoms are subjected to these energy bands, and some of the many-body phases that may be sought in future experiments. 2 VI. Outlook 40 A. Turning to atomic species from the Lanthanide family 40 B. Topological lattices without light 40 C. Other topological insulators and topological metals 41 D. Far-from-equilibrium dynamics 42 E. Invariants in Floquet-Bloch systems 43 F. Open systems 45 VII. Summary 47 Acknowledgments 47 A. Topological bands in one dimension 47 1. Edges states in the SSH model 47 2. Gauge invariance and Zak phase 48 3. Time-reversal symmetry of the SSH model48 4. Adiabatic pumping for the Rice-Mele model 48 5. The Kitaev model for topological superconductors 49 B. Floquet systems and the Magnus expansion 50 C. Light matter interaction 52 D. Berry curvature and unit cell geometry 53 References 54 B A B J J J J J J J J J J J J J

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“…The NIST group (led by Spielman) was the first to implement this scheme experimentally with bosons in 2010, and later a collaboration between Shan Xi University group (led by Zhang) and Tsinghua University group (led by Zhai) in China, as well as the MIT group (led by Zwierlein), generalized this scheme to fermions in 2012. The paper by LeBlanc et al [20] reports the latest experimental progress from the NIST group. They studied the mechanism of vortex nucleation in a Bose condensation subjected to a synthetic magnetic field.…”

Section: Topological Physics With Cold Atomsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Focus on topological physics: from condensed matter to cold atoms and optics

et al. 2016

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The notions of a topological phase and topological order were first introduced in the studies of integer and fractional quantum Hall effects, and further developed in the study of topological insulators and topological superconductors in the past decade. Topological concepts are now widely used in many branches of physics, not only limited to condensed matter systems but also in ultracold atomic systems, photonic materials and trapped ions. Papers published in this focus issue are direct testaments of that, and readers will gain a global view of how topology impacts different branches of contemporary physics. We hope that these pages will inspire new ideas through communication between different fields.

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Gauge matters: observing the vortex-nucleation transition in a Bose condensate

Cited by 20 publications

References 22 publications

Electrically tunable artificial gauge potential for polaritons

Electrically tunable artificial gauge potential for polaritons

Topological bands for ultracold atoms

Focus on topological physics: from condensed matter to cold atoms and optics

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