“…Multi-layer perceptron networks, which are among the models of artificial neural networks (Claveria et al, 2015;Kon & Turner, 2005;Law, 2000;Law & Au, 1999), and deep learning methods (Law et al, 2019) are widely used in forecasting tourism demand. Moreover, support vector machine (Chen & Wang, 2007;Chen et al, 2015;Hong et al, 2011), a composite search index (Li et al, 2017), the fuzzy time series (Tsaur & Kuo, 2011;Wang, 2004), Gaussian processes (Tsang & Benoit, 2020) are used in forecasting tourism demand.…”