It is well‐known in the literature that the characteristic defect size of high‐strength steels strongly influences their Very‐High‐Cycle Fatigue (VHCF) response. Currently, several refining processes permit to reduce the characteristic defect size and permit to remove large defects in high‐strength steels, thus inducing a possible significant enhancement of the VHCF response.
The present paper investigates the effects of a specific refinement process, the Electro‐Slag Remelting (ESR), on the VHCF response of an AISI H13 steel. Ultrasonic VHCF tests are carried out on large Gaussian specimens made of unrefined and refined AISI H13 steels. Fracture surfaces are investigated to compare inclusion populations before and after the ESR process. Finally, the fatigue limit and the design S‐N curves are statistically estimated to quantify the beneficial effects induced by the ESR process.