“Gay capital” in gay student friendship networks

Morris, Max

doi:10.1177/0265407517705737

Cited by 23 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…We are not sure why this is the case, but potential factors might include slight wording differences between the measures of gender typicality used in our study and in Egan and Perry's (2001) study. Additionally, our data were gathered 15 years after the publication of Egan and Perry's study; much has changed regarding the visibility and acceptance of gender diversity since then (Becker et al 2017;Morris 2018;Yu et al 2017).…”

Section: Limitations and Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating the Relation between Gender Typicality and Pressure to Conform to Gender Norms

et al. 2020

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Previous research suggested that gender typicality and pressure to conform to gender norms were unrelated; however, this may have been due to how gender typicality was assessed (i.e., by only comparing the self to one's own gender collective). In the present study, we used a dual identity approach (comparing oneself to both gender collectives: to own-gender and other-gender individuals) to create typologies of gender typicality to examine how similarity to own and other gender collectives might differentially associate with pressure to conform to gender norms. The potentially unique influence of pressure sources (parents, peers, or the self) was also analyzed. Participants were 378 U.S. 6th grade students (48% female; M age = 11.44 years, range = 10-13). Results indicated that male early adolescents felt more pressure than did female early adolescents and that those who felt more similar to own-gender (and less similar to other-gender) felt significantly higher levels of pressure and that the highest source of pressure was the self rather than peers or parents. We discuss how the present research provides insights into who experiences the highest levels of felt pressure to conform to gender norms and suggests that self-socialization plays a strong role in gender development for many early adolescents.

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Section: Limitations and Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating the Relation between Gender Typicality and Pressure to Conform to Gender Norms

et al. 2020

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“…As a result, some young gay men may be more comfortable with overtly resisting the hegemonic masculinity discourse, notwithstanding their acknowledgement of its dominance (Morris, 2017;Wilson et al, 2010). Further, and as one participant in this study stated explicitly, embodying a feminized identity may facilitate expressions of defiance against normative cultural expectations of men -an opportunity to "own" and show pride in gayness.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

“…It has also been suggested that being gay is increasingly celebrated by young heterosexual people rather than denigrated, and that young gay men can enjoy promoted positions in their peer groups, because gay identities carry social prestige (Morris, 2017). As a result, some young gay men may be more comfortable with overtly resisting the hegemonic masculinity discourse, notwithstanding their acknowledgement of its dominance (Morris, 2017;Wilson et al, 2010).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Further, some gay men may value femininity over masculinity, which may be associated with their conflation of femininity with being gay, and a desire to make their sexual orientation known publicly (Wilson et al, 2010): "Gayness" can contribute to gay men's social and cultural capital (Morris, 2017). Brekhus (2003) would refer to these men as "gay peacocks", because their gayness is central to their identities.…”

Section: Gay Men and Hegemonic Masculinity: Existing Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

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“I don’t want to be seen as a screaming queen”: An interpretative phenomenological analysis of gay men’s masculine identities.

Ravenhill

Visser

2019

Psychology of Men & Masculinities

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It has been argued that gay men who live in Western societies must negotiate masculine identities against a cultural backdrop where the most desirable and locally hegemonic masculinity is heterosexual. However, contemporary masculinity theories conceptualize masculinities as increasingly inclusive of gay men. The purpose of this study was to use a discourse-dynamic approach to studying masculine subjectivity to identify how gay men in England and Wales negotiated masculinity discourses to construct their masculine identities. One-to-one, semistructured interviews were undertaken with 6 younger gay men aged 20 -24 years and 11 older gay men aged 30 -42 years. Participants were asked to describe their subjective experiences of masculinity. The results of an interpretative phenomenological analysis indicated that discourses of hegemonic and alternative masculinities had implications for lived experiences of masculinity. Older participants in particular emphasized the attributes they associated with masculine dominance, including anti-effeminacy attitudes. The majority of younger participants did not feel masculine. Irrespective of age, many participants resisted hegemonic masculinity by highlighting the value of "gayness" at times. The findings suggested that hegemonic masculinity was the most readily available discourse for conceptualizing masculinity but that lived experiences of masculinity were not necessarily located within this discourse.

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“…Social support from peers was identified as a protective factor in the lives of LGBTI+ youth ( n = 32). A range of peer relationships were identified: close friendships with gender and sexual minority peers [ 52 , 53 , 55 , 61 , 62 , 68 , 69 , 88 , 89 , 90 , 91 , 92 , 93 , 94 , 95 ], including romantic relationships [ 53 , 90 , 96 , 97 , 98 , 99 ], cross-sexual orientation friendships [ 52 , 55 , 100 , 101 , 102 ] and supportive peer relationships [ 52 , 53 , 57 , 61 , 65 , 69 , 72 , 75 , 88 , 90 , 93 , 94 , 95 , 102 ]. Such relationships with peers were regarded as mutually beneficial and reciprocal and of increasing importance as young people became older [ 72 , 77 , 88 , 92 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protective Factors for LGBTI+ Youth Wellbeing: A Scoping Review Underpinned by Recognition Theory

Ceatha

Koay

Buggy

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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Considerable research has been undertaken regarding the mental health inequalities experienced by lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex (LGBTI+) youth as a consequence of societal and individual prejudice, stigma and discrimination. Far less research has focussed on protective factors that promote wellbeing for this population. A scoping review was conducted using a six-stage methodological framework, and is reported in accordance with the PRISMA-ScR statement. This explored the extent, range and nature of the peer-reviewed, published, academic literature on what is known about the protective factors that promote LGBTI+ youth wellbeing. Six databases were systematically searched applying Population–Concept–Context key inclusion criteria, complemented by contact with authors to identify additional sources, reference checks and hand searches. Ninety-six individual research records were identified and analysed, drawing from Honneth’s Recognition Theory. Interpersonal relations with parents (n = 40), peers (n = 32) and providers (n = 22) were associated with indicators of enhanced wellbeing, as were LGBTI+ community relations (n = 32). Importantly, online (n = 10), faith (n = 10) and cultural (n = 5) communities were potentially protective. Content and thematic analysis highlighted the importance of Gay–Straight Alliances (GSAs) (n = 23) offering powerful protective opportunities through intersecting interpersonal, community and legal forms of recognition. GSAs enhance allyship by peers and providers (n = 21), facilitate access to LGBTI+ community networks (n = 11) and co-exist alongside inclusive policies (n = 12), curricular (n = 5) and extracurricular activities (n = 1). This scoping review underscores the need to move beyond the predominant focus on risk factors for LGBTI+ youth, which subsequently inform protectionist approaches. It concludes with an appeal to develop mechanisms to apply recognitive justice to policy, practice and, importantly, future research directions. This emphasises the salience of enhanced understandings of inclusion, which is rights-based, universally available and of potential benefit to all.

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“Gay capital” in gay student friendship networks

Cited by 23 publications

References 58 publications

Investigating the Relation between Gender Typicality and Pressure to Conform to Gender Norms

Investigating the Relation between Gender Typicality and Pressure to Conform to Gender Norms

“I don’t want to be seen as a screaming queen”: An interpretative phenomenological analysis of gay men’s masculine identities.

Protective Factors for LGBTI+ Youth Wellbeing: A Scoping Review Underpinned by Recognition Theory

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