Gaze motor asymmetries in the perception of faces during a memory task

Mertens, I.; Siegmund, Herbert; Grüsser, O.‐J.

doi:10.1016/0028-3932(93)90154-r

Cited by 162 publications

(119 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The bias that we observe to the left side eye is also well documented (e.g. Mertens, Siegmund & Grusser, 1993;Gosselin & Schyns, 2001;Butler & Harvey, 2006) and may stem from the dominance of the right hemisphere of the brain for processing faces (Burt & Perrett, 1997;Rossion et al, 2003), whereby a right hemisphere lesion is necessary and sufficient for acquired prosopagnosia (an inability to recognise familiar faces, Hecaen & Angelergues, 1962;Meadows, 1974). Despite evidence suggesting that the mouth may be more important for newly learned faces as opposed to known famous faces (Butler et al, 2010), we replicated the majority of findings confirming the use of this visual feature in face identification (Gosselin & Schyns, 2001;Caldara et al, 2005;van Belle et al, 2010).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Distinct information critically distinguishes judgments of face familiarity and identity.

Smith¹,

Volna²,

Ewing³

2016

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Perfor

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Accurately determining the familiarity of another and correctly establishing their identity are vital social skills. A considerable body of work has explored their perceptual and neural underpinnings and debate remains regarding whether they are dissociable, i.e., separable parts of a dual process, or different aspects of a common retrieval process. Less is known about the specific visual information that guides familiarity judgments and how this compares to the information used to identify a face by name. Here we sought to establish the critical information underlying participants' judgments of facial familiarity and identification. We created a new standardized stimulus set comprising 6 personally familiar and 12 unfamiliar faces and applied the Bubbles reverse-correlation methodology to establish the information driving correct performance in each task. Results revealed that markedly different information underlies familiarity and identity judgments. When categorizing familiarity, participants relied more upon lower spatial-frequency, broad facial cues (eye and face shape) than when categorizing identity, which relied on fine details in the internal features (eyes and mouth).These results provide novel evidence of qualitatively distinct information use in familiarity and identification judgments and emphasize the importance of considering the task set for participants and their processing strategy when investigating face recognition.3

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Distinct information critically distinguishes judgments of face familiarity and identity.

Smith¹,

Volna²,

Ewing³

2016

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Perfor

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“…For healthy individuals, visual scanpaths of the human face are directed to salient features that define facial emotional expressions such as the mouth and eyes (Walker-Smith, Gale & Findlay, 1977;Mertens, Please address all correspondence to: Diego A. Pizzagalli, Ph.D., Department of Psychology, Harvard University, 1220 William James Hall, 33 Kirkland Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA, Phone: +1-617-496-8896, Fax: +1-617-495-3728, Email: dap@wjh.harvard.edu. Publisher's Disclaimer: This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication.…”

Section: Electrophysiological Correlates Of Spatial Orienting Towardsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…NIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author Manuscript Siegmund, & Grusser, 1993) and this tendency increases for emotional facial expression (Horley, Williams, Gonsalvez, & Gordon, 2004), especially as the identification of threat increases (Mogg & Bradley, 1998Rohner, 2002). Angry faces, in particular, signal social disapproval and threat (Öhman, 1986), and the violation of social rules or expectations (Averill, 1983).…”

Section: Nih-pa Author Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrophysiological correlates of spatial orienting towards angry faces: A source localization study

et al. 2008

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The goal of this study was to examine behavioral and electrophysiological correlates of involuntary orienting toward rapidly presented angry faces in non-anxious, healthy adults using a dot-probe task in conjunction with high-density event-related potentials and a distributed source localization technique. Consistent with previous studies, participants showed hypervigilance toward angry faces, as indexed by facilitated response time for validly cued probes following angry faces and an enhanced P1 component. An opposite pattern was found for happy faces suggesting that attention was directed toward the relatively more threatening stimuli within the visual field (neutral faces). Source localization of the P1 effect for angry faces indicated increased activity within the anterior cingulate cortex, possibly reflecting conflict experienced during invalidly cued trials. No modulation of the early C1 component was found for affect or spatial attention. Furthermore, the face-sensitive N170 was not modulated by emotional expression. Results suggest that the earliest modulation of spatial attention by face stimuli is manifested in the P1 component, and provide insights about mechanisms underlying attentional orienting toward cues of threat and social disapproval. Keywords spatial attention; anger; face perception; event-related potentials; source localization Electrophysiological correlates of spatial orienting towards angry faces: A source localization studyPerception of the human face, as well as the social cues derived from it, is central to social interaction and in the communication of threat (Argyle, 1983), and occurs rapidly, within 100 ms of presentation (e.g., Liu, Harris, & Kanwisher, 2002). For healthy individuals, visual scanpaths of the human face are directed to salient features that define facial emotional expressions such as the mouth and eyes (Walker-Smith, Gale & Findlay, 1977;Mertens, Please address all correspondence to: Diego A. Pizzagalli, Ph.D., Department of Psychology, Harvard University, 1220 William James Hall, 33 Kirkland Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA, Phone: +1-617-496-8896, Fax: +1-617-495-3728, Email: dap@wjh.harvard.edu. Publisher's Disclaimer: This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final citable form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.Disclosures Dr. Pizzagalli has received research support from GlaxoSmithKline and Merck & Co., Inc. for projects unrelated to the present study. Dr. Hofmann is a paid consultant by Organon for issues and projects unrelated to this study. Drs. Santesso and Meuret as well as Mr. Mueller, Ratner, and Roesch report no competing interests. NIH Public Access Author ManuscriptNeurops...

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“…Healthy individuals were found to focus mainly on the eyes, nose, and mouth, which form an inverted triangle in shape (Mertens, Siegmund, & Grusser, 1993;Walkersmith, Gale, & Findlay, 1977). Horley and colleagues (2004) argued that eye movement patterns provide more direct indices of selective attention to facial stimuli, whereas cognitive tasks provide only indirect measures.…”

Section: Other Paradigmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attentional biases in social anxiety: An investigation using the inattentional blindness paradigm

Lee

Telch

2008

Behaviour Research and Therapy

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Social anxiety disorder is the third most common mental disorder with the lifetime prevalence rate of 13.3% in the US population. Typically, it causes significant impairment in a wide range of functioning and follows a chronic, unremitting course if untreated. Over the past two decades, there has been a dramatic increase in clinical research aimed at examining underlying mechanisms maintaining social anxiety.One line of research has investigated attentional biases in social anxiety, using various cognitive experiment paradigms, including the emotional Stroop and the modified dotprobe tasks. However, overall findings are equivocal about the nature of attentional biases in social anxiety and several methodological problems limit the interpretability of the data. The present study examined attentional biases associated with social anxiety using a new research paradigm in the field of anxiety disorders: the inattentional blindness paradigm. This paradigm presents a social cue in the absence of the subjects' expectation while they are engaged in a cognitively demanding task, thereby enabling the v more purely attentional aspect of information processing to be examined reducing the influence of potential response biases or effortful strategies. Two independent experiments were conducted using nonclinical student samples consisting of individuals high in social anxiety (HSAs) versus individuals low in social anxiety (LSAs) based on the static and sustained inattentional blindness tasks. Overall, results revealed that HSAs were more likely to detect or identify a socially-threatening cue, relative to LSAs; whereas LSAs were more likely to detect or identify a non-threatening social cue, relative to HSAs. These findings were observed only in the presence of a bogus-speech manipulation. These data suggest the promising utility of the inattentional blindness paradigm in investigating attentional biases in social anxiety and perhaps other psychopathological conditions. Theoretical and clinical implications are discussed.vi

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Gaze motor asymmetries in the perception of faces during a memory task

Cited by 162 publications

References 14 publications

Distinct information critically distinguishes judgments of face familiarity and identity.

Distinct information critically distinguishes judgments of face familiarity and identity.

Electrophysiological correlates of spatial orienting towards angry faces: A source localization study

Attentional biases in social anxiety: An investigation using the inattentional blindness paradigm

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