GazeNav

Abstract

Pedestrian navigation systems help us make a series of decisions that lead us to a destination. Most current pedestrian navigation systems communicate using map-based turn-byturn instructions. This interaction mode suffers from ambiguity, its user's ability to match the instruction with the environment, and it requires a redirection of visual attention from the environment to the screen. In this paper we present GazeNav, a novel gaze-based approach for pedestrian navigation. GazeNav communicates the route to take based on the user's gaze at a decision point. We evaluate GazeNav against the map-based turn-by-turn instructions. Based on an experiment conducted in a virtual environment with 32 participants we found a significantly improved user experience of GazeNav, compared to map-based instructions, and showed the effectiveness of GazeNav as well as evidence for better local spatial learning. We provide a complete comparison of navigation efficiency and effectiveness between the two approaches.

MYFix: Automated Fixation Annotation of Eye-Tracking Videos

“…Step 1: Prepare Input Data In this initial step, the video recordings and associated gaze data are prepared by identifying the fixation points, as outlined in Figure 1, step A. We used the IDT (Identification by Dispersion-Threshold) algorithm by [39] as a commonly used dispersion-based algorithm to detect fixations (gaze-dispersion threshold: 0.02 deg; time threshold: 100 ms [40]). However, any other applicable fixation detection algorithm can be seamlessly integrated into this process, provided that the algorithm's output conforms to the necessary format.…”

Controllability matters: The user experience of adaptive maps

“…Even though map-less interaction principles for spatial decision situations have been proposed (e.g., [16,39,46]), map interfaces are still one of the most frequently used mobile interface types, and novel approaches to map interaction are actively discussed in the HCI community (e.g., [28,32,34,55,58]).…”

An alternative wayfinding map design for map illiterate tourists

“…Elias, Hampe and Sester (2005), Gartner et al (2011), , Röser et al (2012) and Sarjakoski and Nivala (2005) suggested landmarks appropriate for use in navigating could be selected as features the map user should look for. In addition, haptic feedback could be employed to alert the user of a map on a smartphone or other digital device that they are approaching a landmark or a decision-making location (Giannopoulos, Kiefer & Raubal 2015;Me, Biamonti & Saad 2015). This would allow the user to keep their gaze and attention on the environment around them, rather than on the map, therefore building their spatial knowledge acquisition.…”

“…The concurrent think aloud technique provided additional information about what participants were thinking while they were completing the activities. These techniques have been applied in similar studies (Giannopoulos, Kiefer & Raubal 2015;Keil et al 2020;Kiefer, Giannopoulos & Raubal 2014).…”